Journal ArticleDOI
The termination reaction in radical polymerizations. II. Polymerizations of styrene at 60° and of methyl methacrylate at 0 and 60°, and the copolymerization of these monomers at 60°
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TLDR
In this paper, the copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate at 60° and 0 and 60° using 2,2′-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile labeled with C14 as initiator has been investigated.Abstract:
Styrene has been polymerized at 60° and methyl methacrylate at 0 and 60° using 2,2′-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile labeled with C14 as initiator. The average number of labeled end groups per molecule has been determined for the various polymers and so the relative importances of combination and disproportionation have been assessed. It has been found that polystyrene radicals undergo combination at 60°. In the case of methyl methacrylate, disproportionation occurs about 6 times as frequently as combination at 60° and about 1.5 times as frequently at 0° the activation energy for disproportionation is about 4 kcal. per mole greater than that for combination. The copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate at 60° has been studied by this technique. It is found that when polystyrene radicals interact with polymethyl methacrylate radicals at this temperature combination occurs. The rates of initiation in the copolymerizations have been determined by a new method; the rate of this step is found to be virtually independent of the composition of the monomer mixture.read more
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An overview of polymer latex film formation and properties.
TL;DR: Surfactant-free homopolymer model colloid latices, favoured in academic studies, together with latices containing surfactants whose redistribution can influence film properties, and the more complex copolymer, blended, core-shell and pigmented systems needed to satisfy a full range of film properties are all considered.
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The dynamic behavior of continuous polymerization reactors—I: Isothermal solution polymerization in a CSTR
Alan D. Schmidt,W. Harmon Ray +1 more
TL;DR: A mathematical model having no adjustable parameters is developed and compared with both dynamic and steady-state models as discussed by the authors, and the observation of pseudo-osteady states in the neighborhood of unstable middle steady states is due to a combination of kinetic and hydrodynamic mechanisms.
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Nonlinear model predictive control of a simulated multivariable polymerization reactor using second-order Volterra models
TL;DR: Two formulations of a nonlinear model predictive control scheme based on the second-order Volterra series model are presented and the first formulation determines the control action using successive substitution, and the second method directly solves a fourth-order nonlinear programming problem on-line.
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