The theory of planned behaviour is alive and well, and not ready to retire: a commentary on Sniehotta, Presseau, and Araújo-Soares
TL;DR: In their call to lay the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to rest, Sniehotta, Presseau, and Araujo-Soares (2014) contend that the theory has been thoroughly discredited, at least as a guide to pre-planned behaviour.
Abstract: In their call to lay the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to rest, Sniehotta, Presseau, and Araujo-Soares (2014) contend that the theory has been thoroughly discredited, at least as a guide to pre...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors rely on the theory of planned behavior to identify the beliefs that influence young people's pro-environmental behavior and find that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptions of control made independent contributions to the prediction of intentions, and intentions together with perceived control predicted behavior.
707 citations
Cites background from "The theory of planned behaviour is ..."
...…have the means, skills and other resources to perform the behavior of interest; (iii) that all potential barriers to its performance have been removed; and (iv) that no unanticipated events or new information have led to revised intentions after the intervention has taken place (see Ajzen, 2014)....
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...What's more, events that occurred between assessment of intention during the initial trimester and assessment of PEB during the final trimester may have produced changes in intentions and unanticipated obstacles may have prevented the students from carrying out their intentions (Ajzen, 2014)....
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TL;DR: Recommendations for future research include targeting attitudes and intentions in interventions to reduce alcohol consumption, using clear definitions of alcohol consumption in TPB items to improve prediction and assessing SE when investigating risk behaviours.
Abstract: This study aimed to quantify correlations between theory of planned behaviour (TPB) variables and (i) intentions to consume alcohol and (ii) alcohol consumption. Systematic literature searches identified 40 eligible studies that were meta-analysed. Three moderator analyses were conducted: pattern of consumption, gender of participants and age of participants. Across studies, intentions had the strongest relationship with attitudes (r+ = .62), followed by subjective norms (r+ = .47) and perceived behavioural control (PBC; r+ = .31). Self-efficacy (SE) had a stronger relationship with intentions (r+ = .48) compared with perceived control (PC; r+ = −.10). Intention had the strongest relationship with alcohol consumption (r+ = .54), followed by SE (r+ = .41). In contrast, PBC and PC had negative relationships with alcohol consumption (r+ = −.05 and −.13, respectively). All moderators affected TPB relationships. Patterns of consumption with clear definitions had stronger TPB relations, females reported stronger attitude–intention relations than males, and adults reported stronger attitude–intention and SE–intention relations than adolescents. Recommendations for future research include targeting attitudes and intentions in interventions to reduce alcohol consumption, using clear definitions of alcohol consumption in TPB items to improve prediction and assessing SE when investigating risk behaviours.
354 citations
Cites background from "The theory of planned behaviour is ..."
...Nonetheless, the TPB is not without its limitations as highlighted in a recent critique by Sniehotta, Presseau, and Araújo-Soares (2014) (and discussed in subsequent commentaries, e.g., Ajzen, 2014; Armitage, 2014)....
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28 Oct 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of planned behavior-based interventions, with a mean effect size of.50 for changes in behavior and effect sizes ranging from.14 to.68 for antecedent variables (behavioral, normative and control beliefs, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention).
Abstract: . The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is a prominent framework for predicting and explaining behavior in a variety of domains. The theory is also increasingly being used as a framework for conducting behavior change interventions. In this meta-analysis, we identified 82 papers reporting results of 123 interventions in a variety of disciplines. Our analysis confirmed the effectiveness of TPB-based interventions, with a mean effect size of .50 for changes in behavior and effect sizes ranging from .14 to .68 for changes in antecedent variables (behavioral, normative, and control beliefs, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention). Further analyses revealed that the interventions’ effectiveness varied for the diverse behavior change methods. In addition, interventions conducted in public and with groups were more successful than interventions in private locations or focusing on individuals. Finally, we identified gender and education as well as behavioral domain as modera...
337 citations
TL;DR: This paper conducted a literature review with the following objectives: 1) explore which individual green behaviors were studied through the lens of the TPB, 2) understand how scholars have used the theory and what variance the theory has helped to explain, and 3) formulate recommendations, if necessary, for improving the use of the theory.
Abstract: The theory of planned behavior (TPB) allows researchers to identify the determinants of environmental behavior and subsequently target these factors in interventions. Multiple studies on conservation behaviors have recently applied this theoretical framework in both organizational and domestic settings. To shed more light on how the TPB was used in these studies, we conducted a literature review with the following objectives: 1) explore which individual green behaviors were studied though the lens of the TPB, 2) understand how scholars have used the theory and what variance the theory has helped to explain, and 3) formulate recommendations, if necessary, for improving the use of the theory. The review of the results from 126 publications demonstrated that the majority of scholars tend to overlook the importance of identifying and evaluating indirect variables (beliefs) that affect behaviors. More than half of the analyzed articles did not report the amount of explained variance, which undermines the principal strength of the theory. Scholars could obtain more substantial and consistent results if the guidelines regarding the application of the theory are consistently respected. More specifically, four aspects should be considered in the application of the theory: choice of framework, decision to extend the original model, methodology, and results. To help scholars overcome these commonly encountered problems, this article suggests a roadmap with several guiding questions and possible answers.
292 citations
TL;DR: The fundamental propositions of the trans-contextual model are clarified and some outstanding conceptual issues are resolved, including its generalizability across multiple educational domains, criteria for its rejection or failed replication, the role of belief-based antecedents of intentions, and the causal ordering of its constructs are resolved.
Abstract: The trans-contextual model outlines the processes by which autonomous motivation toward activities in a physical education context predicts autonomous motivation toward physical activity outside of school, and beliefs about, intentions toward, and actual engagement in, out-of-school physical activity. In the present article, we clarify the fundamental propositions of the model and resolve some outstanding conceptual issues, including its generalizability across multiple educational domains, criteria for its rejection or failed replication, the role of belief-based antecedents of intentions, and the causal ordering of its constructs. We also evaluate the consistency of model relationships in previous tests of the model using path-analytic meta-analysis. The analysis supported model hypotheses but identified substantial heterogeneity in the hypothesized relationships across studies unattributed to sampling and measurement error. Based on our meta-analysis, future research needs to provide further replications of the model in diverse educational settings beyond physical education and test model hypotheses using experimental methods.
200 citations
References
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TL;DR: Ajzen, 1985, 1987, this article reviewed the theory of planned behavior and some unresolved issues and concluded that the theory is well supported by empirical evidence and that intention to perform behaviors of different kinds can be predicted with high accuracy from attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control; and these intentions, together with perceptions of behavioral control, account for considerable variance in actual behavior.
65,095 citations
"The theory of planned behaviour is ..." refers background in this paper
...As I have repeatedly emphasised (e.g., Ajzen, 2004, 2008, p. 2804, 2011a, see also Ajzen, 2011b, 2012; Ajzen & Fishbein, 2000, 2005), the TPB does not propose that people are rational or that they behave in a rational manner....
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Book•
01 Jun 1975
36,032 citations
"The theory of planned behaviour is ..." refers background in this paper
...(Fishbein & Ajzen, 2010, p. 218) Indeed, in an early representation of the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975, p. 16), the feedback loops are explicitly shown in the diagram....
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Book•
27 Jul 2009
TL;DR: The reasoned action approach as mentioned in this paper is an integrative framework for the prediction and change of human social behavior, and it provides methodological and conceptual tools for predicting and explaining social behavior and for designing behavior change interventions.
Abstract: This book describes the reasoned action approach, an integrative framework for the prediction and change of human social behavior. It provides an up-to-date review of relevant research, discusses critical issues related to the reasoned action framework, and provides methodological and conceptual tools for the prediction and explanation of social behavior and for designing behavior change interventions.
5,005 citations
"The theory of planned behaviour is ..." refers background in this paper
...(Fishbein & Ajzen, 2010, p. 218) Indeed, in an early representation of the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975, p. 16), the feedback loops are explicitly shown in the diagram....
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...…http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2014.883474 © 2014 Taylor & Francis behavioural control – which is indeed confirmed in most applications; but that the prediction of behaviour from intentions is fraught with potential problems (for a detailed discussion, see Fishbein & Ajzen, 2010, pp. 53–63)....
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...…us identify the beliefs that have to be modified in order to produce change in intentions, even if it does not and was not meant to provide guidance on the means, strategies or techniques that can effectively produce changes in these beliefs (see Ajzen, 2011a; Fishbein & Ajzen, 2010, pp. 336–352)....
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DOI•
10 Oct 2018TL;DR: The authors reviewed major meta-analyses of the attitude-behavior relation and found that general attitudes toward policies, people, institutions, and events correlate well with general behavioral patterns but not with specific behaviors.
Abstract: Work on general attitudes has drawn attention to the roles of attitude accessibility, controlled versus automatic information processing, and biases in information processing produced by automatically activated general attitudes towards objects. However, early failures to demonstrate strong attitude-behavior relations were shown to be attributable to incompatibility in the level of generality at which these variables were assessed. General attitudes toward policies, people, institutions, and events correlate well with general behavioral patterns but not with specific behaviors. Predicting specific actions requires a measure of attitude toward the behavior itself, as in the reasoned action approach, which takes specific behavior as its starting point and identifies intentions, attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control as important determinants. In addition to discussing those topics, this chapter reviews major meta-analyses of the attitude-behavior relation.
2,589 citations
"The theory of planned behaviour is ..." refers background in this paper
...As I have repeatedly emphasised (e.g., Ajzen, 2004, 2008, p. 2804, 2011a, see also Ajzen, 2011b, 2012; Ajzen & Fishbein, 2000, 2005), the TPB does not propose that people are rational or that they behave in a rational manner....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors re-examine, in light of recent developments, the reasoned action perspective inherent in the expectancy-value model of attitude and in the theory of planned behavior.
Abstract: The chapter re-examines, in light of recent developments, the reasoned action perspective inherent in the expectancy-value model of attitude and in the theory of planned behavior. According to this perspective, people's attitudes follow spontaneously and consistently from beliefs accessible in memory and then guide corresponding behavior. The number and types of beliefs that are accessible vary with motivation and ability to process attitude-relevant information and with the context. Based on these considerations, it is shown that the reasoned action perspective is compatible with evidence for automatic processes in the activation of attitudes and behavior, and with the finding that attitudes can vary with the context in which they are expressed. Implications for the attitude-behavior relation and for the role of habit in human behavior are discussed.
1,442 citations
"The theory of planned behaviour is ..." refers background in this paper
...As I have repeatedly emphasised (e.g., Ajzen, 2004, 2008, p. 2804, 2011a, see also Ajzen, 2011b, 2012; Ajzen & Fishbein, 2000, 2005), the TPB does not propose that people are rational or that they behave in a rational manner....
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