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The theory of transformations in metals and alloys
01 Jan 1965-
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a general introduction to the theory of transformation kinetics of real metals, including the formation and evolution of martensitic transformations, as well as a theory of dislocations.
Abstract: Part I General introduction. Formal geometry of crystal lattices. The theory of reaction rates. The thermodynamics of irreversable processes. The structure of real metals. Solids solutions. The theory of dislocations. Polycrystalline aggregates. Diffusion in the solid state. The classical theory of nucleation. Theory of thermally activated growth. Formal theory of transformation kinetics. Part II Growth from the vapour phase. Solidification and melting. Polymorphic Changes. Precipitation from supersaturated solid solution. Eutectoidal transformations. Order-disorder transformations. Recovery recrystalisation and grain growth. Deformation twinning. Characteristics of martensic transformations. Crystallography of martensitic transformations. Kinetics of martensitic transformations. Rapid solidification. Bainite steels. Shape memory alloys.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of the disilicide phase at the interface between CoSi and NiSi is attributed to the contribution of the entropy of mixing to the driving force for the transformation, clearly illustrating the importance of entropy in some classes of solid state reactions.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the crystallization characteristics of amorphous Ge1Sb2Te4 thin films were studied by means of time-resolved transition measurements and it was found that a metastable phase appeared at the first stage of the crystallisation process and then the metastable phases were transformed into a stable crystalline phase at higher annealing temperatures.
Abstract: The crystallization characteristics of amorphous Ge1Sb2Te4 thin films were studied by means of time‐resolved transition measurements. It was found that a metastable phase appeared at the first stage of the crystallization process and then the metastable phase was transformed into a stable crystalline phase at higher annealing temperatures. The x‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results indicated the metastable phase was identified as a face‐centered‐cubic structure and the stable crystalline phase corresponded to a hexagonal structure. Our experimental results show that the Ge1Sb2Te4 materials are applicable for phase change erasable optical storage.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, precipitation of the intermetallic compound NiAl during the isothermal aging of b.c. alloys was studied from the point of view of precipitation kinetics and particle coarsening.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a velocity ratio of 1.7 −0.7 + 5.4 has been determined for the growth rate of the spinel from measurements on residual olivine grains.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the precipitation and coarsening of plate-like M4C3 carbides, during the tempering of quaternary Fe-C-Mo-V martensitic steels, has been characterized both experimentally and by developing appropriate kinetic theory.
Abstract: Strong steels suffer from embrittlement due to dissolved hydrogen, a phenomenon which can be mitigated by trapping the hydrogen at carbide particles, where it is rendered benign. The precipitation and coarsening of plate-like M4C3 carbides, during the tempering of quaternary Fe–C–Mo–V martensitic steels, has been characterized both experimentally and by developing appropriate kinetic theory. The trapping capacity is found to peak when the carbides are about 10 nm in length, indicating a role of coherency strains in trapping hydrogen atoms via elastic interactions. This suggests a method for developing alloys which are better able to resist the detrimental effects of hydrogen.
58 citations