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The theory of transformations in metals and alloys

J.W. Christian, +1 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors present a general introduction to the theory of transformation kinetics of real metals, including the formation and evolution of martensitic transformations, as well as a theory of dislocations.
Abstract
Part I General introduction. Formal geometry of crystal lattices. The theory of reaction rates. The thermodynamics of irreversable processes. The structure of real metals. Solids solutions. The theory of dislocations. Polycrystalline aggregates. Diffusion in the solid state. The classical theory of nucleation. Theory of thermally activated growth. Formal theory of transformation kinetics. Part II Growth from the vapour phase. Solidification and melting. Polymorphic Changes. Precipitation from supersaturated solid solution. Eutectoidal transformations. Order-disorder transformations. Recovery recrystalisation and grain growth. Deformation twinning. Characteristics of martensic transformations. Crystallography of martensitic transformations. Kinetics of martensitic transformations. Rapid solidification. Bainite steels. Shape memory alloys.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Continuous atomic displacements and lattice distortion during fcc–bcc martensitic transformation

TL;DR: In this article, the continuous matrices of atomic displacements and lattice distortion from face-centered-cubic (fcc) to body-centered cubic phases compatible with the hard-sphere geometry of iron atoms are calculated for different possible final orientation relationships (ORs), such as Bain, Pitsch and Kurdjumov-Sachs (KS).
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Structural transition of ferromagnetic Ni2MnGa nanoparticles

TL;DR: In this paper, the ball-milling process induces the phase transformation from the tetragonal structure to the disordered face-centered-cubic structure in Ni2MnGa ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys.
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Role of kinetics and thermodynamics in alloy clustering and surface quality in InAlAs grown by molecular‐beam epitaxy: Consequences for optical and transport properties

TL;DR: In this article, the role of growth conditions on the short-range order (alloy clustering) in the system as well as the quality of the growth front during growth was investigated.
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Microstructural Features of Austenite Formation in C35 and C45 alloys

TL;DR: In this paper, the microstructural evolution during continuous heating experiments has been studied for two C-Mn steels with carbon contents in the range 0.35 to 0.45 wt pct using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA).
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Effect of Mo and W on the Phase Stability of Precipitates in Low Cr Heat Resistant Steels

TL;DR: In this paper, the phase stability of precipitates during long-term exposure at the elevated temperatures was investigated from the stand points of phase stability, and it was concluded that W-steel is superior to Mo-steel in the stabilization of bainite lath structure and precipitates at elevated temperatures.