Book•
The theory of transformations in metals and alloys
01 Jan 1965-
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a general introduction to the theory of transformation kinetics of real metals, including the formation and evolution of martensitic transformations, as well as a theory of dislocations.
Abstract: Part I General introduction. Formal geometry of crystal lattices. The theory of reaction rates. The thermodynamics of irreversable processes. The structure of real metals. Solids solutions. The theory of dislocations. Polycrystalline aggregates. Diffusion in the solid state. The classical theory of nucleation. Theory of thermally activated growth. Formal theory of transformation kinetics. Part II Growth from the vapour phase. Solidification and melting. Polymorphic Changes. Precipitation from supersaturated solid solution. Eutectoidal transformations. Order-disorder transformations. Recovery recrystalisation and grain growth. Deformation twinning. Characteristics of martensic transformations. Crystallography of martensitic transformations. Kinetics of martensitic transformations. Rapid solidification. Bainite steels. Shape memory alloys.
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TL;DR: In this article, the evolution of microstructure in 12% Cr tempered martensite ferritic steels during heat treatment and creep was investigated using optical microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
Abstract: This paper presents results on the evolution of microstructure in 12% Cr tempered martensite ferritic steels during heat treatment and creep. Prior austenite grain size and micro grain size measurements were performed using optical microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, orientations of micro grains are determined using TEM and SEM. Prior austenite grain sizes, micro grain dimensions and orientation relationships between micro grains are interpreted in terms of processes associated with the formation of martensite and ferrite during heat treatment and creep. The elongated micro grains (in the interior of prior austenite grains) can have high- or low-angle boundaries. The hierarchical evolution of internal interfaces is described. Micro grain boundaries most often represent (i) variant boundaries separating individual former martensite variants and (ii) subgrain boundaries (associated with recovery processes during tempering and creep). The present results also sho...
48 citations
25 Jun 2010-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, a unified ageing-creep constitutive model has been developed for the analysis and simulation of the correlation between the mechanical properties and strain and age creep parameters of aluminum alloy.
Abstract: A unified ageing–creep constitutive model has been developed for the analysis and simulation of the correlation between the mechanical properties and strain and age creep parameters of aluminum alloy. The input parameters of the equation consist of initial stress level and heat treatment parameters. The outputs of this model include property parameters namely: creep strain, yield strength, precipitates relative volume fraction, and mean radius of precipitates. The model can be used to describe the development of microstructure and yield strength following creep time. The current study achieved a good performance and the results are in agreement with experimental knowledge in different stress levels. The development of the yield strength from the precipitates hardening of view is analyzed and discussed in detail.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role of stacking fault energy on defining the workhardening behavior of manganese-rich iron-based alloys was highlighted by the tensile deformation of four high-manganese steels designed using thermodynamic mechanism maps.
47 citations
Journal Article•
47 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the β (b.c.c.) to α.p phase transformation in a Zr-2.5 wt% Nb alloy has been studied by transmission electron microscopy.
47 citations