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The theory of transformations in metals and alloys
01 Jan 1965-
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a general introduction to the theory of transformation kinetics of real metals, including the formation and evolution of martensitic transformations, as well as a theory of dislocations.
Abstract: Part I General introduction. Formal geometry of crystal lattices. The theory of reaction rates. The thermodynamics of irreversable processes. The structure of real metals. Solids solutions. The theory of dislocations. Polycrystalline aggregates. Diffusion in the solid state. The classical theory of nucleation. Theory of thermally activated growth. Formal theory of transformation kinetics. Part II Growth from the vapour phase. Solidification and melting. Polymorphic Changes. Precipitation from supersaturated solid solution. Eutectoidal transformations. Order-disorder transformations. Recovery recrystalisation and grain growth. Deformation twinning. Characteristics of martensic transformations. Crystallography of martensitic transformations. Kinetics of martensitic transformations. Rapid solidification. Bainite steels. Shape memory alloys.
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TL;DR: The phase transformation kinetics of the tricalcium silicate reaction for the period of peak hydration rate can be described as a four-parameter exponential nucleation and growth model.
45 citations
TL;DR: Current models with current best estimates for input parameters provide a reasonable account of critical warming rates for glycerol solutions at high concentrations/low rates, but overestimate both critical warming and cooling rates by orders of magnitude at lower concentrations and larger rates.
45 citations
TL;DR: Er3+-doped transparent oxyfluoride glass ceramics containing LaF3 nanocrystals were prepared by melt quenching method as mentioned in this paper, and the average activation energy was found to be 286 kJ/mol and the mean Avrami exponent n lies in the range of 1.0-1.5, indicating a diffusion-controlled growth process of particles of some initial volume in the glass system.
Abstract: Er3+-doped transparent oxyfluoride glass ceramics containing LaF3 nanocrystals were prepared by melt quenching method. On the basis of DSC curves, it was observed that the addition of ErF3 decreases the LaF3 crystallization temperature. The crystallization kinetics studies for 4% ErF3 doped glass showed the average activation energy Ea to be 286 kJ/mol and the mean Avrami exponent n lies in the range of 1.0–1.5, indicating a diffusion-controlled growth process of particles of some initial volume in the glass system. EDS measurements suggested the incorporation of Er3+ into LaF3 crystalline phase, and a reduction of the lattice parameters of hexagonal LaF3 ( P 3 ¯ c 1 ) with increasing substitution of Er3+ for La3+ ions was identified by XRD. The modification of crystallites size with the addition of ErF3 indicated that trace additives suppress crystal growth by increasing nucleus quantity, while more additives produce larger crystallite size. After appropriate heat treatment, TEM evidenced the presence of nearly spherical LaF3 crystallites with 10–40 nm in size, which varies mainly with the content of ErF3. HRTEM images revealed that there are lots of lattice defects in LaF3 crystallites of the ErF3 doped sample, but a little in that of the ErF3 free sample after identical heat treatment.
45 citations
TL;DR: A review of boundary nucleation and growth models for hydrates can be found in this paper, with emphasis on those that describe growth confined within boundaries (e.g., precipitation in capillary pores bounded by unreacted cement particles).
45 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the passivation of uranium surfaces against air corrosion by ion implantation processes was studied, using surface analysis methods, and it was shown that these layers provide almost absolute protection against corrosion.
45 citations