Book•
The theory of transformations in metals and alloys
01 Jan 1965-
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a general introduction to the theory of transformation kinetics of real metals, including the formation and evolution of martensitic transformations, as well as a theory of dislocations.
Abstract: Part I General introduction. Formal geometry of crystal lattices. The theory of reaction rates. The thermodynamics of irreversable processes. The structure of real metals. Solids solutions. The theory of dislocations. Polycrystalline aggregates. Diffusion in the solid state. The classical theory of nucleation. Theory of thermally activated growth. Formal theory of transformation kinetics. Part II Growth from the vapour phase. Solidification and melting. Polymorphic Changes. Precipitation from supersaturated solid solution. Eutectoidal transformations. Order-disorder transformations. Recovery recrystalisation and grain growth. Deformation twinning. Characteristics of martensic transformations. Crystallography of martensitic transformations. Kinetics of martensitic transformations. Rapid solidification. Bainite steels. Shape memory alloys.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that massive growth involves the migration of mobile, incoherent interfaces through a lateral growth process that may evolve into continuous growth at the highest velocity, and that the high driving free energy for massive growth is reflected by a relative insensitivity to microstructural obstacles and by a rapid transformation in the absence of local interfacial equilibrium.
Abstract: During the composition invariant massive transformation, the propagation of a reaction interface is motivated by the free energy change due to a change in crystal structure and results in either single or duplex product morphologies. A common feature underlying the growth of massive product phases is a thermally activated control by boundary diffusion. Microstructural and kinetics information indicate that massive growth involves the migration of mobile, incoherent interfaces through a lateral growth process that may evolve into continuous growth at the highest velocity. The high driving free energy for massive growth is reflected by a relative insensitivity to microstructural obstacles and by a rapid transformation in the absence of local interfacial equilibrium. For the limiting conditions under which massive growth can prevail at the transition into lattice shear or solute partitioning, an incomplete dissipation of driving free energy is indicated by product structures of metastable supersaturated solid solutions.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the growth kinetics of σ precipitates at grain boundaries of the FCC matrix and those located within the interior of the grains were analyzed separately, and the latter precipitates are found to grow through direct substitutional diffusion of Cr-solutes towards and Mn, Fe, Co and Ni away from them and the growth rate of the allotriomorphs can be rationalized by the collector plate mechanism of interfacial diffusion-aided growth.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the "additivity rule" was proved to be compatible with an analytical transformation model assuming mixed nucleation (with site saturation and continuous nucleation as two extremes), for some specified conditions.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this article, 6mm thick AA6061-T6 alloy was friction stir welded at different traveling speeds while Al2O3 nano-particles were incorporated between adjoining plates.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a refined Avrami method was used to analyze the kinetics of the exsolution of pentlandite from mss/pyrrhotite (bulk composition, (Fe0.77Ni0.19)S) over the temperature range 473 to 573 K.
43 citations