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The theory of transformations in metals and alloys

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a general introduction to the theory of transformation kinetics of real metals, including the formation and evolution of martensitic transformations, as well as a theory of dislocations.
Abstract: Part I General introduction. Formal geometry of crystal lattices. The theory of reaction rates. The thermodynamics of irreversable processes. The structure of real metals. Solids solutions. The theory of dislocations. Polycrystalline aggregates. Diffusion in the solid state. The classical theory of nucleation. Theory of thermally activated growth. Formal theory of transformation kinetics. Part II Growth from the vapour phase. Solidification and melting. Polymorphic Changes. Precipitation from supersaturated solid solution. Eutectoidal transformations. Order-disorder transformations. Recovery recrystalisation and grain growth. Deformation twinning. Characteristics of martensic transformations. Crystallography of martensitic transformations. Kinetics of martensitic transformations. Rapid solidification. Bainite steels. Shape memory alloys.
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TL;DR: In this article, a new model for the evolution of the precipitate structure derived by means of application of the thermodynamic extremum principle is presented, which describes the evolution the radii and of the chemical composition of individual precipitates of different phases in the multi-component system.
Abstract: A new model for the evolution of the precipitate structure derived by means of application of the thermodynamic extremum principle is presented. The model describes the evolution of the radii and of the chemical composition of individual precipitates of different phases in the multi-component system. In connection with a proper theory of nucleation, the model is able to describe the evolution of the precipitate structure in the classical stages of nucleation, growth and coarsening as well as interaction of precipitates of different phases, of different chemical composition and of different sizes via diffusion in the matrix.

273 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
T. Simon1, A. Kröger1, Christoph Somsen1, A. Dlouhy, Gunther Eggeler1 
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used in situ and post-mortem diffraction contrast transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study the multiplication of dislocations during a thermal martensitic forward and reverse transformation in a NiTi shape memory alloy single crystal.

269 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an extended treatment of the critical cavity radius concept is developed, covering the temperature extension of swelling by gas, the evolution of bimodal cavity size distributions and the necessity for gas as a prerequisite to swelling under some conditions.

268 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the phenomenological theory of martensitic transformations is applied to the various observed transformation modes in the shape memory alloy nickel-titanium and it is shown that one of the observed twinning modes can be identified as a type II mode, with the shear direction η 1 being derived from a cell edge of the parent B2 phase.

268 citations