Bookâ˘
The theory of transformations in metals and alloys
01 Jan 1965-
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a general introduction to the theory of transformation kinetics of real metals, including the formation and evolution of martensitic transformations, as well as a theory of dislocations.
Abstract: Part I General introduction. Formal geometry of crystal lattices. The theory of reaction rates. The thermodynamics of irreversable processes. The structure of real metals. Solids solutions. The theory of dislocations. Polycrystalline aggregates. Diffusion in the solid state. The classical theory of nucleation. Theory of thermally activated growth. Formal theory of transformation kinetics. Part II Growth from the vapour phase. Solidification and melting. Polymorphic Changes. Precipitation from supersaturated solid solution. Eutectoidal transformations. Order-disorder transformations. Recovery recrystalisation and grain growth. Deformation twinning. Characteristics of martensic transformations. Crystallography of martensitic transformations. Kinetics of martensitic transformations. Rapid solidification. Bainite steels. Shape memory alloys.
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TL;DR: In this article, an analysis for the growth of equiaxed grains ahead of the columnar front during directional solidification is presented, and the model considers both single-phase and eutectic growth.
1,062Â citations
959Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use dewetting to make arrays of nanoscale particles for electronic and photonic devices and for catalyzing growth of nanotubes and nanowires.
Abstract: Solid films are usually metastable or unstable in the as-deposited state, and they will dewet or agglomerate to form islands when heated to sufficiently high temperatures. This process is driven by surface energy minimization and can occur via surface diffusion well below a film's melting temperature, especially when the film is very thin. Dewetting during processing of films for use in micro- and nanosystems is often undesirable, and means of avoiding dewetting are important in this context. However, dewetting can also be useful in making arrays of nanoscale particles for electronic and photonic devices and for catalyzing growth of nanotubes and nanowires. Templating of dewetting using patterned surface topography or prepatterning of films can be used to create ordered arrays of particles and complex patterns of partially dewetted structures. Studies of dewetting can also provide fundamental new insight into the effects of surface energy anisotropy and facets on shape evolution.
936Â citations
TL;DR: Most of shape memory alloys are functional intermetallics as discussed by the authors, and they are now practically being used for couplings, actuators, medical guide wires etc., and are hopeful candidates for smart materials, which already exist.
777Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, a kinetic treatment of glass formation is presented, based on the construction of time-temperature-transformation curves corresponding to some barely detectable degree of crystallinity.
Abstract: A kinetic treatment of glass formation is presented. This treatment is based on the construction of time-temperature-transformation curves corresponding to some barely detectable degree of crystallinity. From such curves, the minimum cooling rates required to form glasses of various materials are estimated. The most important factors determining the glass-forming abilities of different materials are suggested to be the magnitude of the viscosity at the melting point and the rate of increase in viscosity with falling temperature below the melting point.
748Â citations