Book•
The theory of transformations in metals and alloys
01 Jan 1965-
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a general introduction to the theory of transformation kinetics of real metals, including the formation and evolution of martensitic transformations, as well as a theory of dislocations.
Abstract: Part I General introduction. Formal geometry of crystal lattices. The theory of reaction rates. The thermodynamics of irreversable processes. The structure of real metals. Solids solutions. The theory of dislocations. Polycrystalline aggregates. Diffusion in the solid state. The classical theory of nucleation. Theory of thermally activated growth. Formal theory of transformation kinetics. Part II Growth from the vapour phase. Solidification and melting. Polymorphic Changes. Precipitation from supersaturated solid solution. Eutectoidal transformations. Order-disorder transformations. Recovery recrystalisation and grain growth. Deformation twinning. Characteristics of martensic transformations. Crystallography of martensitic transformations. Kinetics of martensitic transformations. Rapid solidification. Bainite steels. Shape memory alloys.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the observation of YBa2Cu3O7−x(123) thin films having unprecedented structural perfection, at temperatures near 700°C on [001] LaAlO3.
Abstract: For crystalline advanced materials, such as the high transition temperature oxide superconductors, the growth of defect‐free crystals is often the most sought after desideratum because it opens the doors to fundamental studies and the development of practical applications. We report the observation of YBa2Cu3O7−x(123) thin films having unprecedented structural perfection, at temperatures near 700 °C on [001] LaAlO3. The film’s c axis is in the surface plane, unlike films grown at higher temperatures. This orientation has important advantages for device applications and fundamental studies. The Tc,0 is only 70 K, presumably due to oxygen deficiency caused by thermal stresses; if so, it should be possible to raise the Tc,0 by relieving these stresses.
108 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-consistent viscoplastic theory was proposed to predict the deformation of individual grains in recrystallized materials, assuming a linear hardening law, and the model is easily incorporated in polycrystal plasticity codes.
107 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported dynamical observations of the grain boundary-mediated plasticity during in situ transmission electron microscopy straining experiments at moderate temperature (400 C) both in a 76.4 bicrystalline and a polycrystalline Al sample.
Abstract: The present work reports dynamical observations of the grain boundary (GB)-mediated plasticity during in situ transmission electron microscopy straining experiments at moderate temperature (400 C) both in a 76.4 bicrystalline and a polycrystalline Al sample. We show that the GB migration occurs by the lateral motion of elementary GB dislocation steps. The accumulation of GB dislocation steps eventually form macro-steps. This observation agrees with the idea that GB dislocation steps generally operate in high angle GBs similarly as in twinning or martensitic transformations. The coupling factor, i.e. the strain produced by the motion of the steps was measured using fiducial markers and image correlation. The migration process involves different types of GB dislocation steps, producing different amounts of strain both parallel (coupling factor) and perpendicular to the GB plane.
107 citations
TL;DR: The choreography of atoms during the bainite transformation has major consequences on the development of structure as discussed by the authors, and the scale and extent of the structure is dependent directly on the fact that the atoms move in a disciplined fashion.
Abstract: The choreography of atoms during the course of the bainite transformation has major consequences on the development of structure. In particular, the scale and extent of the structure is dependent directly on the fact that the atoms move in a disciplined fashion. This information can be exploited to develop unconventional alloys - for example, rail steels which do not rely on carbides for their properties, and the hardest ever bainite which can be manufactured in bulk form, without the need for rapid heat treatment or mechanical processing.
107 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an explicit one-dimensional constitutive model that is capable of describing some aspects of the thermomechanical response of a shape-memory alloy is presented. But the model consists of a Helmholtz free-energy function, a kinetic relation and a nucleation criterion.
107 citations