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Journal ArticleDOI

The use of adult stem cells in regenerative medicine

01 Oct 2003-Clinics in Plastic Surgery (Elsevier)-Vol. 30, Iss: 4, pp 499-505
TL;DR: For now, the ideal source of adult stem cells remains uncertain, but as questions are answered, adult stem cell biology will likely transition from bench top to clinical reality.
About: This article is published in Clinics in Plastic Surgery.The article was published on 2003-10-01. It has received 58 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Adult stem cell & Stem cell.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preclinical studies and early clinical series show that adipose-derived stem cells offer the possibility of finally fulfilling the key principle of replacing like with like as an aesthetic filler, without the drawbacks of current technology.
Abstract: Plastic surgeons are keenly aware of the axiom of “replacing like with like.” Accordingly, autologous fat grafting (AFG) is frequently used as filler for a variety of soft-tissue cosmetic and reconstructive indications. Retention of the graft is dependent upon integration of the implanted adipose tissue with recipient site tissues, through a process that has many similarities to wound healing. However, graft retention, and hence the clinical success of AFG, is often limited. This appears to be due in large part to differences in technique during tissue harvest, processing, and reimplantation, which result in impairment of the graft healing process. Adipose-derived stem and regenerative cells (ADRCs) contain several different types of cell, including adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), endothelial cells and their progenitors, smooth muscle cells, preadipocytes, and immune regulatory cells. In addition, ADRCs can secrete multiple growth factors and cytokines, which have pro-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects. These characteristics suggest the potential for ADRCs to improve integration of the fat graft with recipient site tissue. In this chapter, we will summarize the composition of adipose-derived stem and regenerative cells, as well as their potential therapeutic mechanisms. Additionally, automated devices will be introduced that are capable of generating clinical-grade ADRCs in real time for plastic and reconstructive surgical applications.

313 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using a defined in vitro model of early chondrogenesis, the authors attempted to enrich the chondrocytes in vivo with a protein enriched with a specific type of protein.
Abstract: Cartilage is an avascular tissue, and chondrocytes in vivo experience a severely hypoxic environment. Using a defined in vitro model of early chondrogenesis, we attempted to enrich for cells with a...

123 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: FGF-2 significantly enhances the adipogenic differentiation of human ASCs, as induced by an adipogenic hormonal cocktail consisting of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), dexamethasone, insulin, and indomethacin.

114 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results showed that the expression levels of ASCs harvested from female mice were a maximum of 2.89 times greater than those harvested from male mice, suggesting that the adipogenic differentiation ofASCs is closely related to sex differences.

98 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2007-Burns
TL;DR: A background to stem cell strategies in burns care is given and actual or prospective applications which, collectively, will forever change burns care throughout the world are identified.

84 citations


Cites background from "The use of adult stem cells in rege..."

  • ...uncertain and the functional plasticity of adult stem cells exists more of interest in scientific experimentation than in clinical application [23,24]....

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  • ...[23] Hedrick MH, Daniels EJ....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data support the hypothesis that a human lipoaspirate contains multipotent cells and may represent an alternative stem cell source to bone marrow-derived MSCs.
Abstract: Future cell-based therapies such as tissue engineering will benefit from a source of autologous pluripotent stem cells. For mesodermal tissue engineering, one such source of cells is the bone marrow stroma. The bone marrow compartment contains several cell populations, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are capable of differentiating into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic cells. However, autologous bone marrow procurement has potential limitations. An alternate source of autologous adult stem cells that is obtainable in large quantities, under local anesthesia, with minimal discomfort would be advantageous. In this study, we determined if a population of stem cells could be isolated from human adipose tissue. Human adipose tissue, obtained by suction-assisted lipectomy (i.e., liposuction), was processed to obtain a fibroblast-like population of cells or a processed lipoaspirate (PLA). These PLA cells can be maintained in vitro for extended periods with stable population doubling and low levels of senescence. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry show that the majority of PLA cells are of mesodermal or mesenchymal origin with low levels of contaminating pericytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Finally, PLA cells differentiate in vitro into adipogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and osteogenic cells in the presence of lineage-specific induction factors. In conclusion, the data support the hypothesis that a human lipoaspirate contains multipotent cells and may represent an alternative stem cell source to bone marrow-derived MSCs.

7,402 citations


"The use of adult stem cells in rege..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In 2001, our group reported the identification of a putative stem cell population within human lipoaspirates [22]....

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  • ...Additional sources of adult stem cells besides bone marrow contain progenitor cell populations potentially useful for tissue maintenance and repair [22]....

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  • ...In addition, our group has demonstrated the presence of multi-lineage cells from human adipose tissue [22]; this has been confirmed by others....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To confirm whether adipose tissue contains stem cells, the PLA population and multiple clonal isolates were analyzed using several molecular and biochemical approaches and PLA cells exhibited unique characteristics distinct from those seen in MSCs, including differences in CD marker profile and gene expression.
Abstract: Much of the work conducted on adult stem cells has focused on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found within the bone marrow stroma. Adipose tissue, like bone marrow, is derived from the embryonic mesenchyme and contains a stroma that is easily isolated. Preliminary studies have recently identified a putative stem cell population within the adipose stromal compartment. This cell population, termed processed lipoaspirate (PLA) cells, can be isolated from human lipoaspirates and, like MSCs, differentiate toward the osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. To confirm whether adipose tissue contains stem cells, the PLA population and multiple clonal isolates were analyzed using several molecular and biochemical approaches. PLA cells expressed multiple CD marker antigens similar to those observed on MSCs. Mesodermal lineage induction of PLA cells and clones resulted in the expression of multiple lineage-specific genes and proteins. Furthermore, biochemical analysis also confirmed lineage-specific activity. In addition to mesodermal capacity, PLA cells and clones differentiated into putative neurogenic cells, exhibiting a neuronal-like morphology and expressing several proteins consistent with the neuronal phenotype. Finally, PLA cells exhibited unique characteristics distinct from those seen in MSCs, including differences in CD marker profile and gene expression.

6,473 citations


"The use of adult stem cells in rege..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...We recently reported using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to confirm the expression of osteogenic genes (c-fos, osteopontin, CBFA-1) in PLA [42]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors described the establishment directly from normal preimplantation mouse embryos of a cell line that forms teratocarcinomas when injected into mice and demonstrated the pluripotency of these embryonic stem cells by the observation that subclonal cultures, derived from isolated single cells, can differentiate into a wide variety of cell types.
Abstract: This report describes the establishment directly from normal preimplantation mouse embryos of a cell line that forms teratocarcinomas when injected into mice. The pluripotency of these embryonic stem cells was demonstrated conclusively by the observation that subclonal cultures, derived from isolated single cells, can differentiate into a wide variety of cell types. Such embryonic stem cells were isolated from inner cell masses of late blastocysts cultured in medium conditioned by an established teratocarcinoma stem cell line. This suggests that such conditioned medium might contain a growth factor that stimulates the proliferation or inhibits the differentiation of normal pluripotent embryonic cells, or both. This method of obtaining embryonic stem cells makes feasible the isolation of pluripotent cells lines from various types of noninbred embryo, including those carrying mutant genes. The availability of such cell lines should made possible new approaches to the study of early mammalian development.

5,496 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study of mesenchymal stem cells, whether isolated from embryos or adults, provides the basis for the emergence of a new therapeutic technology of self‐cell repair.

4,861 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...05 in 80-year-old persons [36]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
16 Dec 1988-Science
TL;DR: Human complementary DNA clones corresponding to three polypeptides present in this BMP preparation have been isolated, and expression of the recombinant human proteins have been obtained, and each appears to be independently capable of inducing the formation of cartilage in vivo.
Abstract: Protein extracts derived from bone can initiate the process that begins with cartilage formation and ends in de novo bone formation. The critical components of this extract, termed bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), that direct cartilage and bone formation as well as the constitutive elements supplied by the animal during this process have long remained unclear. Amino acid sequence has been derived from a highly purified preparation of BMP from bovine bone. Now, human complementary DNA clones corresponding to three polypeptides present in this BMP preparation have been isolated, and expression of the recombinant human proteins have been obtained. Each of the three (BMP-1, BMP-2A, and BMP-3) appears to be independently capable of inducing the formation of cartilage in vivo. Two of the encoded proteins (BMP-2A and BMP-3) are new members of the TGF-beta supergene family, while the third, BMP-1, appears to be a novel regulatory molecule.

3,916 citations


"The use of adult stem cells in rege..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Many studies involve the introduction of genetic material to modulate growth factors and cytokines, such as including epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, transforming growth factor-b, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) [4–7]....

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Trending Questions (2)
What is the source of adult human stem cell?

For now, the ideal source of adult stem cells remains uncertain, but as questions are answered, adult stem cell biology will likely transition from bench top to clinical reality.

How do you train to be a stem cell researcher?

The adult stem cell population may be well suited for this task.