The use of fabric interlayers to retard reflective cracking
01 Jan 1980-Vol. 49
TL;DR: In this article, the physical characteristics that are necessary for fabrics used in a pavement interlayer system are discussed, and the two requirements discussed are: fabric should readily absorb asphalt cement, or other suitable sealant in order to form a waterproof membrane; and should be both durable and resilient under load inorder to dissipate stresses at the point of crack propagation.
Abstract: Man-made fabrics were first used in the United States in paving applications in the late 1960s. Today, man-made fibers can provide high fiber strength, good abrasion resistance, and can withstand deterioration from chemical, mildew and rot. The paper discusses the physical characteristics that are necessary for fabrics used in a pavement interlayer system. The two requirements discussed are: fabric should readily absorb asphalt cement, or other suitable sealant in order to form a waterproof membrane; and should be both durable and resilient under load in order to dissipate stresses at the point of crack propagation.
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01 Feb 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the available literature on the applications and effectiveness of stress-relieving interlayers, known as paving fabrics, to reduce reflective cracking is synthesized, and a survey of the current paving fabric applications in the State of Mississippi was conducted to determine the various practices and performances of the paving fabric systems.
Abstract: Asphalt concrete overlay on the existing pavement is often used as a cost-saving surface treatment for deteriorating pavements. A major problem encountered with asphalt resurfacing is the phenomenon termed reflective cracking, the propagation of existing cracks from old or existing pavement into the new overlay. Reflective cracking is one of the most significant factors in pavement deterioration. It is caused by shear and tensile stresses in the asphalt layer induced by traffic loads, change in temperature, expansive subgrade soils, moisture changes, existing cracks, and joint and crack movements in the underlying pavement. In this project, the available literature on the applications and effectiveness of stress-relieving interlayers, known as paving fabrics, to reduce reflective cracking is synthesized. Basic functions of paving fabrics, fabric specifications, mechanism, long-term performance, life cycles and cost effectiveness, factors influencing performance, recent innovations, and lessons learned from installation are discussed. In addition, a survey of the current paving fabric applications in the State of Mississippi was conducted to determine the various practices and performances of the paving fabric systems to reduce reflective cracking. The field performance of overlays using fabric interlayers has generally been successful, although there have been cases where the paving fabric systems provided little or no improvements. In particular, paving fabrics may not reduce cracking significantly with thin overlays. A summary of current practices as well as possible directions for future research is reported.
39 citations
Cites background or methods from "The use of fabric interlayers to re..."
...Epps and Button (1984) recommend using a minimum overlay thickness of 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) with paving fabrics, whereas Dykes (1980) recommends using 1 in. (25.4 mm)....
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...In general, paving fabrics have performed considerably better in warm and mild climates than in cold ones (e.g., Epps and Button, 1984; Dykes, 1980; MacMaster, 1978; Ahlrich, 1986; Verdos, 1981)....
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Book•
01 Dec 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of the various tests using these methods are presented, and various methods to minimize reflection cracking of asphalt concrete overlays include (a) greater thickness of overlay, (b) changes in the viscosity of the asphalt, (c) additives incorporated into the asphalt concrete mix, (d) treatments to the existing pavement before overlaying and (e) incorporating stress relieving layers.
Abstract: Reflection cracks are fractures in a pavement overlay that are the result of, and reflect, the crack of joint pattern in the underlying layer. Reflections cracks can cause early deterioration of an overlay, thereby increasing maintenance costs and decreasing the useful life of the overlay. Methods to minimize reflection cracking of asphalt concrete overlays include (a) greater thickness of overlay, (b) changes in the viscosity of the asphalt, (c) additives incorporated into the asphalt concrete mix, (d) treatments to the existing pavement before overlaying and (e) incorporating stress relieving layers. The results of the various tests using these methods are presented.
34 citations
01 Nov 1986
TL;DR: In this article, guidance is provided for using asphalt rubber and engineering fabrics to maximize performance in reducing reflective cracking in asphalt concrete overlays, which should result in improved performance of overlays and, subsequently, substantial monetary savings to the taxpayers.
Abstract: : Asphalt-rubber and engineering fabric interlayers have been used to retard reflective cracks in asphalt concrete overlays. These materials have generally performed satisfactorily in warm climates; however, performance in cold climates has been less than desirable. The asphalt-rubber and engineering fabric rehabilitation techniques have been used to retard the reflection of cracks in existing asphalt concrete and portland cement concrete pavements through asphalt concrete overlays. These rehabilitation techniques also decrease the size of cracks that reflect through, thus retarding the amount of water penetrating into the base course and underlying subgrade. Guidance is provided for using asphalt rubber and engineering fabrics to maximize performance in reducing reflective cracking. This study should result in improved performance of overlays and, subsequently, substantial monetary savings to the taxpayers.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe how bituminous pavements frequently fail at an early age well below the predicted design life, which in turn necessitates taking rehabilitation actions to recover the serviceability to an accep...
Abstract: Bituminous pavements frequently fail at an early age well below the predicted design life, which in turn necessitates taking rehabilitation actions to recover the serviceability to an accep...
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a test road was constructed using different asphalt concrete overlay treatments and field observations conducted after 3 years of the pavement being in service indicated that the coarse-aggregate asphalt mix interlayer worked exceptionally well in reflective crack control.
Abstract: A test road was constructed using different asphalt concrete overlay treatments. The field observations conducted after 3 years of the pavement being in service indicated that the coarse-aggregate asphalt mix interlayer worked exceptionally well in reflective crack control. A three-dimensional finite element analysis showed that the main stresses in the coarse-aggregate asphalt mix interlayer were lower than those in the normal asphalt concrete interlayer with the same thickness. It is believed that the large-size aggregates and high air voids in the mixture can block the paths of initial cracks to extend to the top of the interlayer.
3 citations
Cites methods from "The use of fabric interlayers to re..."
...In the 1960s, the man-made fabric interlayer between the existing concrete pavement and the new asphalt overlay surface was used as a reflective cracking relief layer (Dykes, 1980)....
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