The use of microwave ovens for rapid organic synthesis
TL;DR: In this paper, four different types of organic reactions have been studied and seven different organic compounds have been prepared, under pressure in a microwave oven, and considerable rate increases have been observed.
About: This article is published in Tetrahedron Letters.The article was published on 1986-01-01. It has received 1509 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Organic synthesis & Organic reaction.
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TL;DR: This Review highlights recent applications of controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis, and discusses some of the underlying phenomena and issues involved.
Abstract: Although fire is now rarely used in synthetic chemistry, it was not until Robert Bunsen invented the burner in 1855 that the energy from this heat source could be applied to a reaction vessel in a focused manner. The Bunsen burner was later superseded by the isomantle, oil bath, or hot plate as a source for applying heat to a chemical reaction. In the past few years, heating and driving chemical reactions by microwave energy has been an increasingly popular theme in the scientific community. This nonclassical heating technique is slowly moving from a laboratory curiosity to an established technique that is heavily used in both academia and industry. The efficiency of "microwave flash heating" in dramatically reducing reaction times (from days and hours to minutes and seconds) is just one of the many advantages. This Review highlights recent applications of controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis, and discusses some of the underlying phenomena and issues involved.
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TL;DR: An overview of the mechanism of this remarkable reaction is presented as a means to explain the myriad of experimental results, particularly the various methods of catalyst generation, solvent and substrate effects, and choice of base or ligand as discussed by the authors.
1,319 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, microwave-accelerated solventless organic syntheses are summarised and the salient features of these high yield protocols are the enhanced reaction rates, greater selectivity and the experimental ease of manipulation.
1,190 citations
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TL;DR: Standard methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 13th ed.
Abstract: (1) \"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater\", 13th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 1971, p 339. (2) \"Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes\", U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1974, p 157. (3) L. K . Wang, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 67 (1). 19-21 (1975). (4) L. K . Wang, W. W. Shuster. and P. J. Panzardi, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 67 (4), 182-184 (1975). (5) A. S. Weatherburn, J. Am. OilChem. Soc., 28, 233-235 (1950). (6) G. R . Edwards and M. E. Ginn. Sewage Ind. Wastes, 26, 945-953
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