The use of the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) in the delineation of open water features
Citations
3,234 citations
Cites background or methods from "The use of the Normalized Differenc..."
...…Ministry of Education; Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China (Received 24 July 2005; in final form 22 January 2006 ) The normalized difference water index (NDWI) of McFeeters (1996) was modified by substitution of a middle infrared band such as Landsat TM band 5 for the near infrared band used in the NDWI....
[...]
...As a result, water features have positive values and thus are enhanced, while vegetation and soil usually have zero or negative values and therefore are suppressed (McFeeters 1996)....
[...]
...However, the method can suppress non-water features but not remove them, and therefore the normalized difference water index (NDWI) was proposed by McFeeters (1996) to achieve this goal....
[...]
...The NDWI is expressed as follows (McFeeters 1996): NDWI~ Green{NIR GreenzNIR ð1Þ where Green is a green band such as TM band 2, and NIR is a near infrared band such as TM band 4....
[...]
...McFeeters (1996) pointed out that the NDWI could be used for detecting water turbidity....
[...]
1,690 citations
1,190 citations
1,158 citations
Cites methods from "The use of the Normalized Differenc..."
...Xu (2006) therefore proposed another index, called Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), where McFeeters (1996) NDWI was modified by replacing band 4 by band 5 of Landsat 5 TM....
[...]
...…(a) thematic classification (Lira, 2006), (b) linear unmixing (Sethre, Rundquist, & Todhunter, 2005), (c) single-band thresholding (Jain, Singh, Jain, & Lohani, 2005) and (d) two-band spectral water indices (Jain, Saraf, Goswami, & Ahmad, 2006; McFeeters, 1996; Rogers & Kearney, 2004; Xu, 2006)....
[...]
...…(band 4) of Landsat TM. Rogers and Kearney (2004) used another NDWI for water extraction where they applied bands 3 and 5 of Landsat TM. McFeeters (1996) proposed a threshold of 0 for extracting surface water using the raw digital number of Landsat, where all positive NDWI values would…...
[...]
...…the proposed water extraction technique with other methods, wemade preliminary tests of various water indices including the Water Index (WI) of Ouma and Tateishi (2006), the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) of McFeeters (1996) and other indices that Ji et al. (2009) used in their studies....
[...]
..., 2009): (a) thematic classification (Lira, 2006), (b) linear unmixing (Sethre, Rundquist, & Todhunter, 2005), (c) single-band thresholding (Jain, Singh, Jain, & Lohani, 2005) and (d) two-band spectral water indices (Jain, Saraf, Goswami, & Ahmad, 2006; McFeeters, 1996; Rogers & Kearney, 2004; Xu, 2006)....
[...]
603 citations
Cites methods from "The use of the Normalized Differenc..."
...The NDWI data derived from Landsat MSS, TM, and ETM (Jain et al., 2005; McFeeters, 1996; Rogers and Kearney, 2004; Ouma and Tateishi, 2006; Sethre et al., 2005, Xu, 2006), SPOT (Lacaux et al., 2007), MODIS (Chipman and Lillesand, 2007), AVHRR (Chipman and Lillesand, 2007; Jain et al., 2006), and…...
[...]
...Adopting the format of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), McFeeters (1996) developed the normalized difference water index (NDWI), defined as NDWI (rgreen rNIR)/(rgreen rNIR), (1) where rgreen and rNIR are the reflectance of green and NIR bands, respectively....
[...]
...McFeeters (1996) set zero as the threshold....
[...]
References
5,478 citations
1,307 citations
617 citations
501 citations
207 citations