The version 3 OMI NO 2 standard product
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the new version 3.0 NASA Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) standard nitrogen dioxide (NO2) products (SPv3) from the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center ( https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/OMNO2_V003/summary/ ).
Abstract: . We describe the new version 3.0 NASA Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) standard nitrogen dioxide (NO2) products (SPv3). The products and documentation are publicly available from the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center ( https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/OMNO2_V003/summary/ ). The major improvements include (1) a new spectral fitting algorithm for NO2 slant column density (SCD) retrieval and (2) higher-resolution (1° latitude and 1.25° longitude) a priori NO2 and temperature profiles from the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry–transport model with yearly varying emissions to calculate air mass factors (AMFs) required to convert SCDs into vertical column densities (VCDs). The new SCDs are systematically lower (by ∼ 10–40 %) than previous, version 2, estimates. Most of this reduction in SCDs is propagated into stratospheric VCDs. Tropospheric NO2 VCDs are also reduced over polluted areas, especially over western Europe, the eastern US, and eastern China. Initial evaluation over unpolluted areas shows that the new SPv3 products agree better with independent satellite- and ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. However, further evaluation of tropospheric VCDs is needed over polluted areas, where the increased spatial resolution and more refined AMF estimates may lead to better characterization of pollution hot spots.
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Tsinghua University1, Centre national de la recherche scientifique2, Pennsylvania State University3, University of California, Irvine4, California Institute of Technology5, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology6, Chinese Academy of Sciences7, Kunming University of Science and Technology8, Nagoya University9, University of Paris10, Paris Dauphine University11, National Institute for Environmental Studies12, Beijing Institute of Technology13, Shandong University14, Beijing Normal University15, Nanjing University16, Xiamen University17, University of California, Berkeley18, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research19
TL;DR: The key result is an abrupt 8.8% decrease in global CO2 emissions in the first half of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019, larger than during previous economic downturns or World War II.
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting human activities, and in turn energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Here we present daily estimates of country-level CO2 emissions for different sectors based on near-real-time activity data. The key result is an abrupt 8.8% decrease in global CO2 emissions (-1551 Mt CO2) in the first half of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The magnitude of this decrease is larger than during previous economic downturns or World War II. The timing of emissions decreases corresponds to lockdown measures in each country. By July 1st, the pandemic's effects on global emissions diminished as lockdown restrictions relaxed and some economic activities restarted, especially in China and several European countries, but substantial differences persist between countries, with continuing emission declines in the U.S. where coronavirus cases are still increasing substantially.
405 citations
TL;DR: The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board the Aura satellite spanning a period of nearly 14 years has been used in a wide range of applications and research resulting in many new findings as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: This overview paper highlights the successes of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board the Aura satellite spanning a period of nearly 14 years. Data from OMI has been used in a wide range of applications and research resulting in many new findings. Due to its unprecedented spatial resolution, in combination with daily global coverage, OMI plays a unique role in measuring trace gases important for the ozone layer, air quality, and climate change. With the operational very fast delivery (VFD; direct readout) and near real-time (NRT) availability of the data, OMI also plays an important role in the development of operational services in the atmospheric chemistry domain.
266 citations
TL;DR: The first TROPOMI NO2 measurements near the Canadian Oil Sands are presented and it is shown that these measurements have an outstanding ability to detect NO2 on a very high horizontal resolution that is unprecedented for satellite NO2 observations.
Abstract: TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), on-board the Sentinel-5 Precurser satellite, is a nadir-viewing spectrometer measuring reflected sunlight in the ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared. From these spectra several important air quality and climate-related atmospheric constituents are retrieved, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at unprecedented spatial resolution from a satellite platform. We present the first retrievals of TROPOMI NO2 over the Canadian Oil Sands, contrasting them with observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument satellite instrument, and demonstrate TROPOMI's ability to resolve individual plumes and highlight its potential for deriving emissions from individual mining facilities. Further, the first TROPOMI NO2 validation is presented, consisting of aircraft and surface in situ NO2 observations, and ground-based remote-sensing measurements between March and May 2018. Our comparisons show that the TROPOMI NO2 vertical column densities are highly correlated with the aircraft and surface in situ NO2 observations, and the ground-based remote-sensing measurements with a low bias (15–30 %); this bias can be reduced by improved air mass factors.
194 citations
Cites methods from "The version 3 OMI NO 2 standard pro..."
...OMI NO2 observations (NASA Standard Product, SP, version 3.1; Krotkov et al. 2017; Marchenko et al. 2015) are used in order to evaluate the relative performance of TROPOMI and OMI....
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Dissertation•
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: The first € price and the £ and $ price are net prices, subject to local VAT as mentioned in this paper, and they are subject to change without notice. All errors and omissions excepted.
Abstract: The first € price and the £ and $ price are net prices, subject to local VAT. Prices indicated with * include VAT for books; the €(D) includes 7% for Germany, the €(A) includes 10% for Austria. Prices indicated with ** include VAT for electronic products; 19% for Germany, 20% for Austria. All prices exclusive of carriage charges. Prices and other details are subject to change without notice. All errors and omissions excepted. U. Platt, J. Stutz Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy
138 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: Liu et al. as discussed by the authors showed the unprecedented decrease in global fossil CO2 emissions from January to April 2020 was of 7.8% (938 Mt CO2 with a +6.8 % of 2-σ uncertainty) when compared with the period last year.
Abstract: Author(s): Liu, Zhu; Ciais, Philippe; Deng, Zhu; Lei, Ruixue; Davis, Steven J; Feng, Sha; Zheng, Bo; Cui, Duo; Dou, Xinyu; He, Pan; Zhu, Biqing; Lu, Chenxi; Ke, Piyu; Sun, Taochun; Wang, Yuan; Yue, Xu; Wang, Yilong; Lei, Yadong; Zhou, Hao; Cai, Zhaonan; Wu, Yuhui; Guo, Runtao; Han, Tingxuan; Xue, Jinjun; Boucher, Olivier; Boucher, Eulalie; Chevallier, Frederic; Wei, Yimin; Zhong, Haiwang; Kang, Chongqing; Zhang, Ning; Chen, Bin; Xi, Fengming; Marie, Francois; Zhang, Qiang; Guan, Dabo; Gong, Peng; Kammen, Daniel M; He, Kebin; Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim | Abstract: The considerable cessation of human activities during the COVID-19 pandemic has affected global energy use and CO2 emissions. Here we show the unprecedented decrease in global fossil CO2 emissions from January to April 2020 was of 7.8% (938 Mt CO2 with a +6.8% of 2-{\sigma} uncertainty) when compared with the period last year. In addition other emerging estimates of COVID impacts based on monthly energy supply or estimated parameters, this study contributes to another step that constructed the near-real-time daily CO2 emission inventories based on activity from power generation (for 29 countries), industry (for 73 countries), road transportation (for 406 cities), aviation and maritime transportation and commercial and residential sectors emissions (for 206 countries). The estimates distinguished the decline of CO2 due to COVID-19 from the daily, weekly and seasonal variations as well as the holiday events. The COVID-related decreases in CO2 emissions in road transportation (340.4 Mt CO2, -15.5%), power (292.5 Mt CO2, -6.4% compared to 2019), industry (136.2 Mt CO2, -4.4%), aviation (92.8 Mt CO2, -28.9%), residential (43.4 Mt CO2, -2.7%), and international shipping (35.9Mt CO2, -15%). Regionally, decreases in China were the largest and earliest (234.5 Mt CO2,-6.9%), followed by Europe (EU-27 a UK) (138.3 Mt CO2, -12.0%) and the U.S. (162.4 Mt CO2, -9.5%). The declines of CO2 are consistent with regional nitrogen oxides concentrations observed by satellites and ground-based networks, but the calculated signal of emissions decreases (about 1Gt CO2) will have little impacts (less than 0.13ppm by April 30, 2020) on the overserved global CO2 concertation. However, with observed fast CO2 recovery in China and partial re-opening globally, our findings suggest the longer-term effects on CO2 emissions are unknown and should be carefully monitored using multiple measures.
137 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model for the chemistry of the Troposphere of the atmosphere and describe the properties of the Atmospheric Aqueous phase of single aerosol particles.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model for the chemistry of the Troposphere of the atmosphere and describe the properties of the Atmospheric Aqueous phase of single aerosol particles.
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9,021 citations
"The version 3 OMI NO 2 standard pro..." refers background in this paper
...It catalytically destroys ozone and suppresses ozone loss by other catalytic mechanisms through the sequestration of active radical species (Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998)....
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...Emissions and concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx =NO+NO2) are regulated in several countries, as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a toxic pollutant (US EPA, 2017) and NOx leads to the formation of surface-level ozone, acid rain, and particular matter (Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998)....
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...Emissions and concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) are regulated in several countries, as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a toxic pollutant (US EPA, 2017) and NOx leads to the formation of surfacelevel ozone, acid rain and particular matter (Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998)....
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TL;DR: The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) was undertaken by NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office with two primary objectives: to place observations from NASA's Earth Observing System satellites into a climate context and to improve upon the hydrologic cycle represented in earlier generations of reanalyses as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) was undertaken by NASA’s Global Modeling and Assimilation Office with two primary objectives: to place observations from NASA’s Earth Observing System satellites into a climate context and to improve upon the hydrologic cycle represented in earlier generations of reanalyses. Focusing on the satellite era, from 1979 to the present, MERRA has achieved its goals with significant improvements in precipitation and water vapor climatology. Here, a brief overview of the system and some aspects of its performance, including quality assessment diagnostics from innovation and residual statistics, is given.By comparing MERRA with other updated reanalyses [the interim version of the next ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) and the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR)], advances made in this new generation of reanalyses, as well as remaining deficiencies, are identified. Although there is little difference between the new reanalyses i...
4,572 citations
TL;DR: SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography) is a spectrometer designed to measure sunlight transmitted, reflected, and scattered by the earth's atmosphere or surface in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelength region (240-2380 nm) at moderate spectral resolution (0.2-1.5 nm, λ/Δλ ≈ 1000-10
Abstract: SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography) is a spectrometer designed to measure sunlight transmitted, reflected, and scattered by the earth’s atmosphere or surface in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelength region (240–2380 nm) at moderate spectral resolution (0.2–1.5 nm, λ/Δλ ≈ 1000–10 000). SCIAMACHY will measure the earthshine radiance in limb and nadir viewing geometries and solar or lunar light transmitted through the atmosphere observed in occultation. The extraterrestrial solar irradiance and lunar radiance will be determined from observations of the sun and the moon above the atmosphere. The absorption, reflection, and scattering behavior of the atmosphere and the earth’s surface is determined from comparison of earthshine radiance and solar irradiance. Inversion of the ratio of earthshine radiance and solar irradiance yields information about the amounts and distribution of important atmospheric constituents and the spectral reflecta...
1,762 citations
"The version 3 OMI NO 2 standard pro..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Similar measurements, but at higher spatial resolution, continued with the SCanning IMaging spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY: 2002–2012; Bovensmann et al., 1999), the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI: 2004–present; Levelt et al....
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...Figure 11 shows comparisons of OMI Vtotal and Vstrat with independent satellite NO2 data from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) (Pieter Valks, personal communication) and SCIAMACHY (Bovensmann et al., 1999) nadir measurements using the German Aerospace Center (DLR) retrievals (version 5.02) over the Pacific region for March in 2005 and 2010....
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...…with independent satellite NO2 data from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) (Pieter Valks, personal communication) and SCIAMACHY (Bovensmann et al., 1999) nadir measurements using the German Aerospace Center (DLR) retrievals (version 5.02) over the Pacific region for March in…...
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...…but at higher spatial resolution, continued with the SCanning IMaging spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY 20 (SCIAMACHY: 2002–2012; Bovensmann et al., 1999), the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI: 2004- present; Levelt et al., 2006), and GOME-2 (2006-present; Callies et al., 2000;…...
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...Similar measurements, but at higher spatial resolution, continued with the SCanning IMaging spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY 20 (SCIAMACHY: 2002–2012; Bovensmann et al., 1999), the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI: 2004- present; Levelt et al., 2006), and GOME-2 (2006-present; Callies et al., 2000; Valks et al., 2011)....
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TL;DR: The Ozone Monitoring Instrument is a ultraviolet/visible nadir solar backscatter spectrometer, which provides nearly global coverage in one day with a spatial resolution of 13 km/spl times/24 km and will enable detection of air pollution on urban scale resolution.
Abstract: The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) flies on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Earth Observing System Aura satellite launched in July 2004. OMI is a ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) nadir solar backscatter spectrometer, which provides nearly global coverage in one day with a spatial resolution of 13 km/spl times/24 km. Trace gases measured include O/sub 3/, NO/sub 2/, SO/sub 2/, HCHO, BrO, and OClO. In addition, OMI will measure aerosol characteristics, cloud top heights, and UV irradiance at the surface. OMI's unique capabilities for measuring important trace gases with a small footprint and daily global coverage will be a major contribution to our understanding of stratospheric and tropospheric chemistry and climate change. OMI's high spatial resolution is unprecedented and will enable detection of air pollution on urban scale resolution. In this paper, the instrument and its performance will be discussed.
1,644 citations