The Water-Soluble Vitamins
01 Jun 1941-Annual Review of Biochemistry (Annual Reviews 4139 El Camino Way, P.O. Box 10139, Palo Alto, CA 94303-0139, USA)-Vol. 10, Iss: 1, pp 337-394
About: This article is published in Annual Review of Biochemistry.The article was published on 1941-06-01. It has received 5 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Water-Soluble Vitamin.
Citations
More filters
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: This chapter describes the discovery of CoA and the early studies on its biosynthesis and enzymology, and the current status of the knowledge of its universal five-step biosynthetic pathway from pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) – including an overview of the variations in the pathway across sequenced genomes.
Abstract: Coenzyme A (CoA) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor that is involved in a large proportion of all central metabolic reactions. In most of these reactions, the cofactor acts as an acyl carrier, and either activates the acyl group for group transfer or electrophilic attack, or increases the acidity of the protons adjacent to the carbonyl to facilitate the formation of a nucleophilic enolate. This chapter describes the discovery of CoA and the early studies on its biosynthesis and enzymology, and the current status of our knowledge of its universal five-step biosynthetic pathway from pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) – including an overview of the variations in the pathway across sequenced genomes, and of the data on the essentiality of the genes encoding the CoA biosynthetic enzymes. This chapter also discusses CoA enzymology, with a special focus on enzymes that consume, degrade, and recycle CoA, on enzymes that biosynthesize CoA thioesters, and on enzymes that subsequently use these thioesters for group transfer reactions. The enzymology of proteins that act in the Claisen condensation of CoA thioesters (and the retro-Claisen cleavage reactions), is also described. Finally, an overview of the use of CoA analogues in biotechnological applications and in the design and development of drugs and enzyme inhibitors is provided.
47 citations
TL;DR: In mice there are two chief forms of hereditary anæmias, the macrocytic and the siderocytic or flexed tail anæmia, which are due to the recessive factor f and is also associated with depigmentation.
Abstract: IN mice there are two chief forms of hereditary anaemias, the macrocytic and the siderocytic or flexed tail anaemia1. The former is due to one of the dominants W or Wv, the first of which is lethal when homozygous while the second is viable. WW and WvWv animals are white with black eyes, and in the heterozygotes with the normal w the two factors may or may not show dominance, according to the factor concerned and the genetic background2. The other form of anaemia, the siderocytic, is due to the recessive factor f and is also associated with depigmentation. All the ff animals show a transitory anaemia at birth, and the majority of them have also a white spot on the belly and many times also a flexed tail.
2 citations
TL;DR: Vitamin therapy is of considerable importance in the pre- and postoperative care of surgical patients because they are specifically related to the problem of nutrition and to body functions essential to normal tissue repair after surgery.
Abstract: Vitamin therapy is of considerable importance in the pre- and postoperative care of surgical patients. Those of particular surgical interest are vitamins k , certain component factors of vitamin b and vitamin c because they are specifically related to the problem of nutrition and to body functions essential to normal tissue repair after surgery. Certain aspects of the general subject of vitamin therapy have been considered.
1 citations
01 Jan 1954
TL;DR: In this article, the bestandteile der fur die Ernahrung des gesunden Kindes, insbesondere des Sauglings, in Betracht kommenden Nahrungsmittel werden bezuglich ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung, physikalischen Eigenschaften and bakteriologischen Bedeutung besprochen.
Abstract: Die Bestandteile der fur die Ernahrung des gesunden Kindes, insbesondere des Sauglings, in Betracht kommenden Nahrungsmittel werden bezuglich ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung, physikalischen Eigenschaften und bakteriologischen Bedeutung besprochen. Besondere Berucksichtigung finden die Frauenmilch, Kuhmilch, Cerealien, Vegetabilien und Vitamine.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a beschriebene Hefegarungsmethode nutzt die Tatsache aus, das Hefe aus einer aneurinhaltigen Losung dieses quantitativ aufnimmt and in Carboxylase umwandelt, durch die in einem Garsubstrat die CO2-Bildung gefordert wird.
Abstract: Die hier beschriebene Hefegarungsmethode nutzt die Tatsache aus, das Hefe aus einer aneurinhaltigen Losung dieses quantitativ aufnimmt und in Carboxylase umwandelt, durch die in einem Garsubstrat die CO2-Bildung gefordert wird. Im Gegensatz zu den bisher bekannten Garmethoden benutzt diese Methode praktisch vitamin-B1-frei gezuchtete Hefereinkulturen, wodurch gleichmasigere Versuchsergebnisse gewahrleistet werden. Die auf Aneurin zu untersuchenden Substanzen werden in salzsaurer Losung in der Hitze extrahiert, wodurch auch das carboxylasegebundene Aneurin, also somit das Gesamtaneurin, erfast wird. In einfachen Gargefasen wird je 1 ccm aneurinhaltige Losung mit dem Garsubstrat vermischt; die gebildeten CO2-Mengen werden graphisch ausgewertet, auf Grund einer Proportionalitat von CO2-Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit mit dem Logarithmus der Aneurinkonzentration. Es ist moglich, in 1 ccm Losung Mengen zwischen 0,01γ und 1,0γ mit gleicher relativer Genauigkeit zu erfassen. Die hier beschriebene Methode erlaubt es, wenn nur die entsprechenden Mengen gleichartigen Garsubstrates vorhanden sind (siehe S. 255/56) in einer 8-stundigen Versuchsperiode 64 und mehr Bestimmungen mit gleicher Genauigkeit durchzufuhren. Die Fehlergrenze unserer Methode ist, peinlich sauberes Arbeiten und entsprechende Ubung vorausgesetzt, auserst niedrig und liegt bei ± 3%. Sie liegt daher unter dem mit ± 8% angegebenen Fehler des Phycomycestestes, obwohl dessen Erfassungsbreite geringer ist.