Journal ArticleDOI
The "What" and "Why" of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior
Edward L. Deci,Richard M. Ryan +1 more
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Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as mentioned in this paper maintains that an understanding of human motivation requires a consideration of innate psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness, emphasizing that needs specify the necessary conditions for psychological growth, integrity, and well-being.Abstract:
Self-determination theory (SDT) maintains that an understanding of human motivation requires a consideration of innate psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. We discuss the SDT concept of needs as it relates to previous need theories, emphasizing that needs specify the necessary conditions for psychological growth, integrity, and well-being. This concept of needs leads to the hypotheses that different regulatory processes underlying goal pursuits are differentially associated with effective functioning and well-being and also that different goal contents have different relations to the quality of behavior and mental health, specifically because different regulatory processes and different goal contents are associated with differing degrees of need satisfaction. Social contexts and individual differences that support satisfaction of the basic needs facilitate natural growth processes including intrinsically motivated behavior and integration of extrinsic motivations, whereas those that forestall autonomy, competence, or relatedness are associated with poorer motivation, performance, and well-being. We also discuss the relation of the psychological needs to cultural values, evolutionary processes, and other contemporary motivation theories.read more
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On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being
Richard M. Ryan,Edward L. Deci +1 more
TL;DR: This review considers research from both perspectives concerning the nature of well-being, its antecedents, and its stability across time and culture.
Journal ArticleDOI
Self‐determination theory and work motivation
Marylène Gagné,Edward L. Deci +1 more
TL;DR: The authors describes self-determination theory as a theory of work motivation and shows its relevance to theories of organizational behavior, which has received widespread attention in the education, health care, and sport domains.
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Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership
TL;DR: Authentic Leadership Development (ALD) as mentioned in this paper is an emerging field of research in the field of leadership development, with a focus on transforming, charismatic, servant, and spiritual leadership perspectives.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Assessing the Presence of and Search for Meaning in Life
TL;DR: The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) as mentioned in this paper is a 10-item measure of the presence of, and the search for, meaning in life, which was developed to measure the emotional well-being of counseling patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Four-Phase Model of Interest Development.
Suzanne Hidi,K. Ann Renninger +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a 4-phase model of interest development, which describes four phases in the development and deepening of learner interest: triggered situational interest, maintained interest, emerging (less developed) individual interest, and well-developed individual interest.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Representations of Relationships to Teachers, Parents, and Friends as Predictors of Academic Motivation and Self-Esteem:
TL;DR: In this paper, early adolescents' representations of relationships to teachers, parents, and friends are examined in relation to each other and to various measures of school adjustment, motivation and self-esteem.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a structured psychiatric interview for children: agreement between child and parent on individual symptoms.
TL;DR: To test the reliability of children's reporting as compared with that of their mothers, a highly structured psychiatric diagnostic interview was used with 307 subjects, ages 6 through 16.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trait Self and True Self: Cross-Role Variation in the Big-Five Personality Traits and Its Relations With Psychological Authenticity and Subjective Well-Being
TL;DR: In this paper, two concepts of self-integrat ion or true selfhood were examined: 1 based on high consistency of trait profiles across roles (i.e., low self-concept differentiation; E. M. Donahue, R. W. Robins, B. W Roberts, and O. P. John, 1993); 2 based on the high mean levels of authenticity felt across roles.
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Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic reinforcement, and inequity
TL;DR: For instance, this paper found that money decreases intrinsic motivation, while verbal reinforcements tend to enhance intrinsic motivation when a person receives external reinforcement for performing an activity, which is not conceptually discrepant from the notion of inequity.
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