Journal ArticleDOI
The "What" and "Why" of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior
Edward L. Deci,Richard M. Ryan +1 more
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TLDR
Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as mentioned in this paper maintains that an understanding of human motivation requires a consideration of innate psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness, emphasizing that needs specify the necessary conditions for psychological growth, integrity, and well-being.Abstract:
Self-determination theory (SDT) maintains that an understanding of human motivation requires a consideration of innate psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. We discuss the SDT concept of needs as it relates to previous need theories, emphasizing that needs specify the necessary conditions for psychological growth, integrity, and well-being. This concept of needs leads to the hypotheses that different regulatory processes underlying goal pursuits are differentially associated with effective functioning and well-being and also that different goal contents have different relations to the quality of behavior and mental health, specifically because different regulatory processes and different goal contents are associated with differing degrees of need satisfaction. Social contexts and individual differences that support satisfaction of the basic needs facilitate natural growth processes including intrinsically motivated behavior and integration of extrinsic motivations, whereas those that forestall autonomy, competence, or relatedness are associated with poorer motivation, performance, and well-being. We also discuss the relation of the psychological needs to cultural values, evolutionary processes, and other contemporary motivation theories.read more
Citations
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On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being
Richard M. Ryan,Edward L. Deci +1 more
TL;DR: This review considers research from both perspectives concerning the nature of well-being, its antecedents, and its stability across time and culture.
Journal ArticleDOI
Self‐determination theory and work motivation
Marylène Gagné,Edward L. Deci +1 more
TL;DR: The authors describes self-determination theory as a theory of work motivation and shows its relevance to theories of organizational behavior, which has received widespread attention in the education, health care, and sport domains.
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Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership
TL;DR: Authentic Leadership Development (ALD) as mentioned in this paper is an emerging field of research in the field of leadership development, with a focus on transforming, charismatic, servant, and spiritual leadership perspectives.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Assessing the Presence of and Search for Meaning in Life
TL;DR: The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) as mentioned in this paper is a 10-item measure of the presence of, and the search for, meaning in life, which was developed to measure the emotional well-being of counseling patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Four-Phase Model of Interest Development.
Suzanne Hidi,K. Ann Renninger +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a 4-phase model of interest development, which describes four phases in the development and deepening of learner interest: triggered situational interest, maintained interest, emerging (less developed) individual interest, and well-developed individual interest.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of contingent and noncontingent rewards and controls on intrinsic motivation
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effects of external rewards and controls on intrinsic motivation and found that a person's intrinsic motivation to perform an activity decreased when he received contingent monetary payments, threats of punishment for poor performance, or negative feedback about his performance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Not all Personal Goals are Personal: Comparing Autonomous and Controlled Reasons for Goals as Predictors of Effort and Attainment
TL;DR: This article found that the autonomy of personal goals predicted goal attainment, and that the strength of "controlled" motivation did not predict attainment, while a mediational model in which autonomy led to attainment because it promoted sustained effort investment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pursuing Personal Goals: Skills Enable Progress, but Not all Progress is Beneficial
Kennon M. Sheldon,Tim Kasser +1 more
TL;DR: For instance, this article found that participants with stronger social and self-regulatory skills made more progress in their goals over the course of a semester, and that goal progress predicted increases in psychological well-being, both in short-term (5-day) increments and across the whole semester.
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Emotional autonomy versus detachment: revisiting the vicissitudes of adolescence and young adulthood.
Richard M. Ryan,John H. Lynch +1 more
TL;DR: 3 studies reexamine Steinberg and Silverberg's construct of "emotional autonomy" (EA) in adolescent and young adult samples and argue that rather than measuring either autonomy or independence, EA represents emotional detachment from parents.
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