The world ginseng market and the ginseng (Korea)

doi:10.5142/JGR.2013.37.1

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The world ginseng market and the ginseng (Korea)

Journal Article•DOI•

The world ginseng market and the ginseng (Korea)

01 Mar 2013-Journal of Ginseng Research (J Ginseng Res)-Vol. 37, Iss: 1, pp 1-7

TL;DR: The approximate size of the world ginseng market is looked into based on recent gINSeng distribution amount by each country and production by major ginsENG producing nations and future direction is presented.

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About: This article is published in Journal of Ginseng Research.The article was published on 2013-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 311 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Ginseng.

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Citations

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Journal Article•DOI•

Characterization of Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer): History, preparation method, and chemical composition

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Sang Myung Lee¹, Bong-Seok Bae, Hee Weon Park, Nam-Geun Ahn, Byung-Gu Cho, Yong-Lae Cho, Yi-Seong Kwak - Show less +3 more•Institutions (1)

Mokwon University¹

01 Oct 2015-Journal of Ginseng Research

TL;DR: It is recommended that the chemical profiles of Korean Red Ginseng made through the defined traditional method should be well preserved and it has had its own chemical characteristics since its traditional development.

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261 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Biosynthesis and biotechnological production of ginsenosides

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Yu-Jin Kim¹, Dabing Zhang², Dabing Zhang¹, Deok-Chun Yang³•Institutions (3)

Shanghai Jiao Tong University¹, University of Adelaide², Kyung Hee University³

01 Nov 2015-Biotechnology Advances

TL;DR: This review updates the conserved and diversified pathway/enzyme biosynthesizing ginsenosides which have been presented and highlights recent milestone works on functional characterization of key genes dedicated to the production of gINSenosides, and their application in engineering plants and yeast cells for large-scale production.

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257 citations

Cites background from "The world ginseng market and the gi..."

...As a best-selling herbal medicine used as a tonic and adaptogenic and antiaging agent in more than 35 countries around the world, the global market of ginseng was estimated to be about $2,000 million USD, particularly two ginseng species: P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius, consumed in China, South Korea, Canada, and the United States (Baeg and So, 2013)....
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...…and antiaging agent in more than 35 countries around the world, the global market of ginseng was estimated to be about $2,000 million USD, particularly two ginseng species: P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius, consumed in China, South Korea, Canada, and the United States (Baeg and So, 2013)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Recent advances in ginseng as cancer therapeutics: a functional and mechanistic overview

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Alice S.T. Wong¹, Chi-Ming Che¹, Kar-Wah Leung¹•Institutions (1)

University of Hong Kong¹

28 Jan 2015-Natural Product Reports

TL;DR: The mechanisms of action of ginsenosides and their metabolites, which can modulate signaling pathways associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, metastasis, and stem/progenitor-like properties of cancer cells are reviewed.

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209 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Oxidative stress and Parkinson's disease: New hopes in treatment with herbal antioxidants.

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Amir Sarrafchi, Mahmoud Bahmani, Hedayatollah Shirzad, Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei¹•Institutions (1)

Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences¹

31 Dec 2015-Current Pharmaceutical Design

TL;DR: This paper reviewed the recently published papers on the effects of herbal medicines on PD alongside the pathogenesis of PD with regard to oxidative stress and revealed new perspectives of research and therapy.

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Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder due to dopamine deficit in substatia nigra. PD is mainly a sporadic disease with unestablished etiology. However, exposure to environmental toxins, head trauma, inflammation, and free radicals are potential reasons. Recently, the role of oxidative stress in neurological abnormalities, including PD, has been particularly addressed. Antioxidant remedies, particularly herbal antioxidants, have revealed new perspectives of research and therapy as possible preventive and therapeutic approaches for PD. In this paper, we reviewed the recently published papers on the effects of herbal medicines on PD alongside the pathogenesis of PD with regard to oxidative stress.

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189 citations

Cites background from "The world ginseng market and the gi..."

...Panax ginseng is an important plant which has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of weakness and fatigue [75]....
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...Ginseng has been shown to be effective in Huntington's disease or other neuropsychological disorders [75, 77]....
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...Korean ginseng can stimulate the regeneration of damaged cells, promote detoxification, and enhance the feeling of wellbeing through increasing oxygenation to cells [75, 76]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius: From pharmacology to toxicology.

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Cesare Mancuso¹, Rosaria Santangelo¹•Institutions (1)

The Catholic University of America¹

01 Sep 2017-Food and Chemical Toxicology

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to provide a simple and extensive overview of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius, focusing on the clinical evidence which has shown particular effectiveness in specific diseases, such as dementia, diabetes mellitus, respiratory infections, and cancer.

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187 citations

Cites background from "The world ginseng market and the gi..."

...Indeed, the world's largest producer of ginseng is China (44.749 tons), followed by South Korea (27.480 tons), Canada (6486 tons) and the United States (1054 tons) (Baeg and So, 2013)....
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...As far as the market distribution is concerned, South Korea is the largest in theworld; however, in this Country the domestic consumption of ginseng is larger than the amount exported (Baeg and So, 2013)....
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...480 tons), Canada (6486 tons) and the United States (1054 tons) (Baeg and So, 2013)....
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...Thirteen species of ginseng have been identified, but the most common used are the Panax ginseng (or Korean ginseng) grown in China and Korea and Panax quinquefolius (or American ginseng) grown in the United States (Virginia and Wisconsin) and Canada (Ontario, Quebec) (Baeg and So, 2013)....
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...Data collected in 2009 confirm that Hong Kong is the biggest importer of ginseng root, whereas Canada is the biggest exporter in the world (Baeg and So, 2013)....
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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

New substances of plant origin which increase nonspecific resistance

[...]

I I Brekhman, I V Dardymov

01 Jan 1969

555 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Red ginseng for treating erectile dysfunction: a systematic review

[...]

Dai-Ja Jang, Myeong Soo Lee¹, Byung-Cheul Shin², Young-Cheoul Lee, Edzard Ernst¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

University of Exeter¹, Wonkwang University²

01 Oct 2008-British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

TL;DR: Collectively these RCTs provide suggestive evidence for the effectiveness of red ginseng in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, but the total number of R CTs included in the analysis, the total sample size and the methodological quality of the primary studies were too low to draw definitive conclusions.

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Abstract: = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Collectively these RCTs provide suggestive evidence for the effectiveness of red ginseng in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. However, the total number of RCTs included in the analysis, the total sample size and the methodological quality of the primary studies were too low to draw definitive conclusions. Thus more rigorous studies are necessary.

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290 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Experimental and epidemiological evidence on non-organ specific cancer preventive effect of Korean ginseng and identification of active compounds.

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Taik-Koo Yun

01 Feb 2003-Mutation Research

TL;DR: Results strongly suggest that Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer cultivated in Korea is a non-organ specific cancer preventive against human cancers and also indicated that the anticarcinogenicity or human cancer preventive effect of Panaxginseng is due to ginsenoside Rg(3), RG(5) and Rh(2).

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Abstract: Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has been the most highly recognized medicinal herb in the Orient. The prolonged administration of red ginseng extract significantly inhibits the incidence of hepatoma and also proliferation of pulmonary tumors induced by aflatoxin B(1) and urethane. Statistically significant anticarcinogenic effects were in aged or heat treated extracts of ginseng and red ginseng made by steaming in a 9 weeks medium-term anticarcinogenicity test using benzo[a]pyrene. In case-control studies, odds ratios (OR) of the cancer of lip, oral cavity and pharynx, larynx, lung, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, ovary, and colorectum were significantly reduced. As to the type of ginseng, the ORs for cancer were reduced in user of fresh ginseng extract intakers, white ginseng extract, white ginseng powder, and red ginseng. In a cohort study with 5 years follow-up conducted in a ginseng cultivation area, ginseng users had a decreased relative risk (RR) compared with non-users. The relative risks (RRs) of ginseng users were decreased in gastric cancer and lung cancer. These findings strongly suggest that Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer cultivated in Korea has non-organ specific cancer preventive effects against various cancers. To investigate the active components for cancer prevention, several fractions of fresh and red ginseng and four semi-synthetic ginsenoside Rh(1), Rh(2), Rg(3) and Rg(5), the major saponin components in red ginseng, were prepared among the ginsenosides. By using Yun's model, Rg(3) and Rg(5) showed statistically significant reduction of lung tumor incidence and Rh(2) had a tendency to decrease the incidence. In conclusion, these results strongly suggested that Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer cultivated in Korea is a non-organ specific cancer preventive against human cancers and also indicated that the anticarcinogenicity or human cancer preventive effect of Panax ginseng is due to ginsenoside Rg(3), Rg(5) and Rh(2).

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178 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Effect of Korean red ginseng on psychological functions in patients with severe climacteric syndromes.

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T. Tode¹, Yoshihiro Kikuchi¹, Junko Hirata¹, Tsunekazu Kita¹, Hideyuki Nakata¹, Ichiro Nagata¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (1)

National Defense Medical College¹

01 Dec 1999-International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics

TL;DR: Improvement of CMI and STAI scores in postmenopausal women suffering climacteric syndromes by RG seemed to be brought about in part by effects of RG on stress‐related hormones as shown by a decrease in C/D ratio.

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90 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Ginseng and Salviae herbs play a role as immune activators and modulate immune responses during influenza virus infection

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Fu-Shi Quan¹, Richard W. Compans¹, Young-Keol Cho², Sang-Moo Kang¹•Institutions (2)

Emory University¹, University of Ulsan²

04 Jan 2007-Vaccine

TL;DR: Results indicate that both ginseng and Salviae play a role as mucosal adjuvants against influenza virus as well as immuno-modulators during influenza virus infection.

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84 citations