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The x-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals

01 Jan 1961-
About: The article was published on 1961-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 966 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Clay minerals.
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01 Jul 1966
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed soil mapping of LaSalle County was completed, and samples of calcareous till were taken from 1 to 2 ft below soil profiles in calcacous till of the moraines (fig. 1) in an effort to characterize certain of their physical and chemical properties and to determine if the morainees had unique mineralogical characteristics.
Abstract: North-south-trending and arcuate lobate moraine systems occur in LaSalle County. The till of the arcuate system is characterized and distinguishable by relatively coarse texture, high magnetic susceptibility, carbonate, and zirconium contents, as compared with the north-south moraine system. The arcuate system seems to be particularly influenced by Ordovician and Silurian rocks. Illite is the dominant clay mineral of all tills. Iron-rich chlorite is markedly oxidized in the more permeable tills of the arcuate system. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES The investigation described here was undertaken after detailed soil mapping of LaSalle County was completed. In contrast to most of Illinois, the relatively thin veneer of loess overlying till in this area makes it imperative to correctly identify the texture of till when classifying soils. Samples of calcareous till were taken from 1 to 2 ft below soil profiles in calcareous till of the moraines (fig. 1) in an effort to characterize certain of their physical and chemical properties and to determine if the moraines had unique mineralogical characteristics. Winters and Wascher (1935) and Wascher and Winters (1938), in previous studies of till in northeastern Illinois, found great variability in texture and also determined that differences in texture were not coincident with moraine boundaries.

1 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, a transition metal-intercalated graphite was formed by galvanostatic and cyclovoltammetric methods, and two phases with different thickness of the intercalated layers were observed for the stage 2 and stage 1 compounds.
Abstract: Graphite was oxidized to graphite hydrogen sulfate with ammonium peroxodisulfate. With increasing oxidation time significant differences were found for the interlayer spacing, the ratio of intercalated anions and free acid molecules, and for the density of the stage 1 compound. There was a minimum of the density of the intercalated layers after ca. 15 minutes. — Perfluoro-n-butanesulfonic acid was intercalated electrochemically by galvanostatic and cyclovoltammetric methods. In this case two phases with different thickness of the intercalated layers were observed for the stage 2 and stage 1 compounds. At relatively low charge densities for a given stage the spacing is lower by ca. 320 pm than in the fully oxidized compound. There was evidence for a disordered sequence of thick and thin interlayers in the transition. — Potassium graphite, KC8, was reacted with solutions in THF of ZnCl2 FeCl3, MnCl2 · 4 H2O, COCl2 · 6 H2O and CUCl2 · 2 H2O. Literature reports that transition-metal-intercalated graphite is formed could not be confirmed with the possible exception of ZnCl2 where chemical composition and line scans in energy-dispersive analysis gave some indication of intercalation.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A purple-colored clay of 1M mica polymorph in association with lead-zinc ore was collected from an abandoned mine dump near Silverton, CO. Colorado as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A purple-colored clay of 1M mica polymorph in association with lead-zinc ore was collected from an abandoned mine dump near Silverton. Colorado. Electron micrographs show that the crys- tallites of the clay are less than 2/x in size and have poorly developed hexagonal outlines. Differen- tial thermal and i.r. absorption analyses indicate similarity with those of muscovite. The structural formula of the 1M mica polymorph is (Ki.45 Nao.o2) (Al3.Ts Mgo.19) (Si6.90 Alt.mo) 020 (OH)4. The purple color may be related to trace amounts of manganese in the clay.

1 citations

Dissertation
01 May 1975
TL;DR: The most useful method for free iron oxide extraction is one that is independent of complexing variables such as pH, C.E.T.C., temperature and time.
Abstract: The study of free iron oxides in soils has for many years been an important area of research in the soil science. The development of many standard procedures over the years has led to confusion as to which method is most suitable for extracting free iron oxides. This study presents a systematic review of {a) the development of chemical processes and iron deposits in the podzolic group of soils, a major Canadian soil group in which free iron oxides deposits are found; {b) a review of the theory and experimental data behind some of the most widely accepted procedures of iron extraction; (c) a systematic review of four of the major methods of free iron extraction through experimental and statistical analysis employing soil samples from Thor Lake, N.W.T. The results of this study show that the most useful method for free iron oxide extraction is one that is independent of complexing variables such as pH, C.E.C., temperature and time.

1 citations