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The x-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals
01 Jan 1961-
About: The article was published on 1961-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 966 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Clay minerals.
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01 Jan 1966
TL;DR: In den Boden gelangten Tonminerale des Bodens, die dem Sedimentgestein entstammen, sind daher in gleicher Weise sekundar wie solche, die sich bei der Verwitterung magmatischer oder metamorpher Gesteine zum Boden bildeten as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Die festen anorganischen Bestandteile des Bodens sind Minerale Sie lassen sich unterteilen in primare und sekundare Minerale Unter primaren Mineralen sollen im folgenden alle solche verstanden werden, die magmatischen oder metamorphen Ursprungs sind, wahrend zu den sekundaren Mineralen alle bei der Verwitterung entstandenen Minerale gezahlt werden sollen, gleichgultig ob sie direkt bei der Verwitterung magmatischer oder metamorpher Gesteine oder auf dem Umweg uber das Sediment in den Boden gelangten Tonminerale des Bodens, die dem Sedimentgestein entstammen, sind daher in gleicher Weise sekundar wie solche, die sich bei der Verwitterung magmatischer Gesteine zum Boden bildeten
1 citations
TL;DR: The Urkut manganese ore deposit (Transdanubian Range, Hungary) is one of the largest manganous accumulations to be formed during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event.
Abstract: The Urkut manganese ore deposit (Transdanubian Range, Hungary) is one of the largest manganese accumulations to be formed during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. In the past 60 years, the area wa...
1 citations
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, two natural clays extracted from soils of Colombia (department of Cordoba) were purified by means of conventional methods which include operations of mechanical separation and chemical treatments.
Abstract: RESUMEN Dos arcillas naturales procedentes del departamento de Cordoba (Colombia) fueron purificadas mediante tecnicas convencionales que incluyen separacion mecanica y tratamientos quimicos. Los materiales se caracterizaron por difraccion de rayos X (DRX) y por analisis quimico. Uno de estos materiales se identifico como una arcilla esmectitica, mientras que el otro mostro caracteristicas vermiculitico-aluminosas. El mayor contenido de cationes sodio en la primera arcilla es un factor determinante que explica la mayor capacidad de expansion de este material. La presencia de pequenas impurezas de cuarzo, illita, calcita, caolinita y posibles materiales alofanicos, reflejan los ambientes de origen y meteorizacion de los minerales primarios y sugieren, que la formacion de las arcillas caracterizadas en el presente trabajo, fue el resultado de la transformacion de minerales micaceos. Palabras clave: Arcillas, minerales de arcilla, esmectita, caracterizacion de arcillas, meteorizacion. CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO COLOMBIAN CLAYS BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH ORIGIN AND TRANSFORMATION ASPECTS ABSTRACT Two natural clays extracted from soils of Colombia (department of Cordoba) were purified by means of conventional methods which include operations of mechanical separation and chemical treatments. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and elemental chemical analysis. One of these materials was identified as a smectite type clay, whereas the other material showed characteristics of aluminous vermiculite type clay. The greater sodium cations content in the first clay than in the second clay is a determining factor to explain the difference on expansion capacity between these materials. The presence of small quantities (impurities) of quartz, illite, calcite, kaolinite and the possible presence of allophonic material reveal the origin and weathering environments of the primary minerals and suggest the formation of the characterized clays from the transformation of micaceus minerals. Keywords: Clay, clay minerals, smectite, characterization of clays, weathering
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of X-ray analysis of clay minerals in studies of contact metamorphism is discussed, and the effect of high temperatures on clay minerals has also been reported.
Abstract: CLAY mineralogical analyses have been important in sedimentology, in studies of the genesis and behaviour of soils and in ceramics. The effect of high temperatures on clay minerals has also often been reported1–8. The work reported here concerns the importance of X-ray analysis of clay minerals in studies of contact metamorphism.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used X-ray diffraction to identify smectite in all sample fractions and was selectively dissolved by treatment with 1HCl and 0.5 NaOH.
Abstract: The sand, silt, shale and clay fractions soils derived from Maastrichtian sediments in the Afikpo Basin, southeastern Nigeria exhibit unusually high cation-exchange capacities. Smectite was identified by X-ray diffraction in all sample fractions and was selectively dissolved by treatment with 1HCl and 0.5 NaOH. Structural formulae, based on chemical analysis of the dissolved material, suggest that the smectite is intermediate in composition between a di- and a trioctahedral mineral and that the octahedral cation occupancy, together with the number of Mg and Fe atoms per unit cell, decreases with decrease in particle size of the soil fraction examined. The mean formula for the smectite in the clay separate is: [(M + = 0.40, Si = 3.33, Al = 0.67), (Al = 1.07, Fe 2+ = 0.09, Fe 3+ = 0.41, Mg = 0.82)] O 10 (OH) 2 . Similar analysis of smectite present in clay-size material separate from weathered granitic rock taken from the bases of the soilprofiles showed that it had close to the full trioctahedral inherited from the weathered granites.The clay mineralogy of the soils was affected by inherited smectite, probably of hydrothermal of deuteric origin. This mineral is unstable in the soil environment and, although its alteration products are fairly uniform in composition. Keywords: Dissolution, Granitic, Octahedral, Smectite, Soil
1 citations
Cites background from "The x-ray identification and crysta..."
...Acid treatments have been used for the selective dissolution of chlorite (Brindley, 1961) and vermiculite (Ristori et al....
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...Acid treatments have been used for the selective dissolution of chlorite (Brindley, 1961) and vermiculite (Ristori et al., 1974)....
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