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The x-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals

01 Jan 1961-
About: The article was published on 1961-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 966 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Clay minerals.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for obtaining 18 Angstrom Al-pillared vermiculites is reported. But this method requires the addition of a charge-reduced Na (or Ca)-vermiculite to the aluminum pillaring solution.

76 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a method of hydrothermal synthesis using a single temperature (200oC) for preparing plate-like crystals of well-crystallised boehmite with ellipsoid, rhombic, hexagonal, and lath-like profiles by using different precursors is presented.
Abstract: Aluminium monohydroxide, also known as aluminium oxyhydroxide (boehmite - AlO[OH]), is water insoluble but crystallises into microcrystals of various shapes. When, by X-ray diffraction, the microcrystals present a basal reflexion (d[020]) of 0.611 nm, the crystalline structure is referred to as "well-crystallised" boehmite. Natural and synthetic crystals of well-crystallised boehmite can have a plate-like shape with either a rhombic or hexagonal profile. Synthetic crystals can also be lath-like or ellipsoid in shape. The purpose of this paper is to present a method of hydrothermal synthesis using a single temperature (200 oC) for preparing plate-like crystals of well-crystallised boehmite with ellipsoid, rhombic, hexagonal, and lath-like profiles by using different precursors. Our observations suggest that all of these shapes are stages of growth of the microcrystals of well-crystallised boehmite along the c-axis direction of the rhombic crystals.

76 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The physical, chemical and mineralogical aspects of the use of Mossbauer spectroscopy in studies of clay-based ceramics are described in this paper, and the possibilities of using the spectra to derive information on the firing temperatures and the kiln atmosphere during firing in antiquity are discussed and illustrated by examples.
Abstract: The physical, chemical and mineralogical aspects of the use of Mossbauer spectroscopy in studies of clay-based ceramics are described. Mossbauer spectra of pottery clays fired under oxidising, reducing and changing conditions are explained, and the possibilities of using Mossbauer spectra to derive information on the firing temperatures and the kiln atmosphere during firing in antiquity are discussed and illustrated by examples.

75 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There was a net influx of suspended particulate matter to the uppermost part of the Rhode River estuary during the several years of this study as discussed by the authors, most of the influx was due to episodic discharges of suspended sediment from the watershed during heavy rains.
Abstract: There was a net influx of suspended particulate matter to the uppermost part of the Rhode River estuary during the several years of this study. Most of the influx was due to episodic discharges of suspended sediment from the watershed during heavy rains. In contrast, tidal exchange of particulate matter was not related to rainstorms. Sediment composition data and historical records indicate that marsh accretion accounts for only 13% of the sediment trapping although marshes occupy 60% of the study area. Influx of particulate matter to the marshes is directly related to the amount of time they are submerged during tidal cycles.

74 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study demonstrates phosphodiesterase can remain stable in extreme conditions, and might be a characteristic vital to the cycling of phosphorus in shrink–swell clays in Australian tropical savanna ecosystems.

74 citations