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The x-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals
01 Jan 1961-
About: The article was published on 1961-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 966 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Clay minerals.
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TL;DR: In this paper, it was found that the equilibrium fractionation cannot be represented by a single value for structurally and chemically distinct illites, and that exchange was controlled by accessibility of water to the interlayer cation region.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study on the time-dependent soil-stabilizer reactions in tropical kaolin soils was carried out in an effort to identify the timedependent soil stabilizer reactions.
Abstract: Studies on the chemically stabilized soils have shown that the effectiveness of treatment is largely dependent on soil’s natural environment. In tropical kaolin soils, phosphoric acid may be used as an alternative to traditional alkaline stabilizers for improving soil properties. This research was carried out in an effort to identify the time-dependent soil-stabilizer reactions. Data for the study of characterization of treated samples were obtained from X-ray diffractometry, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and leaching analysis. Based on the collected data, the kaolinite mineral with pH-dependent structural properties showed slightly different behavior both in basic and in acidic mediums. Also, it was found that the chemical stabilizers preferentially attacked the alumina surface of the clay particles. Therefore, it was rational to suggest that with respect to lime and phosphoric acid treatment, aluminate hydrate compounds are more likely to be formed.
56 citations
Cites background from "The x-ray identification and crysta..."
...As shown, kaolinite mineral was identified by its strong diffraction lines at 12.5 and 25 2h angles (Brown 1961)....
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TL;DR: The corrosion of aluminium produced an interface between aluminium and cement which was porous with a series of zones containing bayerite (Al(OH)3) and stratlingite (2CaO.Al2O3.SiO2.8H2O) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Legacy radioactive wastes arising from reprocessing of nuclear fuels in the UK are classified as intermediate level waste (ILW), which contain things such as aluminium and magnesium. Blast furnace slag (BFS) composite cements are used to encapsulate ILW. These cements have a high pH which is advantageous to limit the mobility of some of the radioactive species but can cause corrosion of metals. The present paper describes some fundamental aspects of corrosion of aluminium and magnesium in BFS composite cements.The corrosion of aluminium produced an interface between aluminium and cement which was porous with a series of zones containing bayerite (Al(OH)3) and stratlingite (2CaO.Al2O3.SiO2.8H2O). With magnesium, the main corrosion product was found to be brucite (Mg(OH)2) and the porous zone was less pronounced. The hydration of the bulk cement did not appear to be affected by the corrosion of these metals.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a textural normalization technique using specific surface areas in an estuary receiving a chromium-rich effluent allows differentiation of polluted from non-polluted sediments.
56 citations
TL;DR: Ahstraet et al. as mentioned in this paper found that the precursor of the mixed-layer clay appears to have been a smectite. But the transformation of smectites to mixedlayer chlorite/smectite by fixation of brucitic interlayers into the unit structure is largely restricted to black shale and gray mudstone.
Abstract: Ahstraet--Trioctahedral smectite and regularly interstratified chlorite/smectite in strata of the East Berlin Formation of the Connecticut Valley are largely restricted to black shale and gray mudstone deposited in alkaline, perennial lakes. The precursor of the mixed-layer clay appears to have been a smectite. Alkaline lake waters and inherited pore waters rich in magnesium favored the transformation of smectite to mixedlayer chlorite/smectite by fixation of brucitic interlayers into the smectite unit structure. Gray mudstones containing the mixed-layer chlorite/smectite are invariably underlain by magnesium-rich black shale---a possible source of Mg for the clay mineral transformations. The black shale is composed predominantly of Mg-rich trioctahedral smectite of probable authigenic origin.
55 citations