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The x-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals
01 Jan 1961-
About: The article was published on 1961-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 966 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Clay minerals.
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TL;DR: In the first step of lithium salt intercalation, the cations, the anions, and the water molecules are incorporated into the interlayer space of aluminum hydroxide with subsequent transition of lithium into the voids of the layer as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Crystalline aluminum trihydroxides Al(OH)3 (gibbsite, baverite, and nordstrandite) can serve as layered intercalation matrices in which metal salts are arranged in a specific way. Small cations (lithium, magnesium, and transition metals) lie in the octahedral voids of aluminum hydroxide layers, and water molecules are located between the layers. This localization of small cations gives rise to the molecular sieve effect, where alkaline and alkaline earth cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, etc.), which are large relative to the octahedral voids, are not intercalated into aluminum trihydroxides. In the first step of lithium salt intercalation, the cations, the anions, and the water molecules are incorporated into the interlayer space of aluminum hydroxide with subsequent transition of lithium into the voids of the layer.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a distinct α-Fe 2 O 3 variety is formed when pure synthetic β-FeOOH is dry ground at ambient temperature in a mechanically driven mortar at > 40 hr periods.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, samples were examined from the intertidal zone of deposition from the fluviomarine and open marine environments, and three main sources were suggested for the inter-tidal sediments of Kuwait: (a) Shatt-al-Arab fluviatile deposits, (b) aeolian dust fallout, and (c) direct chemical and biogenic precipitation from the Gulf water.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a sub-tropical, possibly seasonal, climate is inferred for the Brora Formation at Boraa, Ireland, where the shale clay mineralogy is dominated by ordered illite/smectite and kaolinite.
Abstract: Synopsis Clay mineral logs for the Jurassic succession at Brora are presented as vertical profiles in lithostratigraphic units. The shale clay mineralogy is dominated by ordered illite/smectite and kaolinite. A sub-tropical, possibly seasonal, climate is inferred. High kaolinite content is attributed to reworking of probable Carboniferous kaolinitic regoliths, uplifted and eroded due to initiation of the formation of the Viking Graben. Kaolinite abundance is not due to tropical weathering in the Jurassic. A Jurassic weathering environment more humid than in the Triassic is proposed, eroding a variety of sedimentary rocks and a high-grade quartzose metamorphic terrain.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an equilibration temperature between 290°C and 360°C was obtained for the beidellitic smectite, which is substantially higher than any previously reported temperature for an oceanic SMectite.
35 citations