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The x-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals

01 Jan 1961-
About: The article was published on 1961-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 966 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Clay minerals.
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1968-Nature
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used sericite specimens of the 2M1 type and the chemical composition of one of them is shown in Table 1a, where the sample was pulverized to a fine powder in an agate mortar, heated in a platinum crucible for some time, quenched to room temperature and treated with hydrochloric or sulphuric acid.
Abstract: IN this study we used sericite specimens of the 2M1 type. The chemical composition of one of them is shown in Table 1a. This sample was pulverized to a fine powder in an agate mortar, heated in a platinum crucible for some time (5 min–4 h), quenched to room temperature and treated with hydrochloric or sulphuric acid. In this way the sample was easily changed, wholly or in part, into an interstratified mineral.

26 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A geophysical survey using the vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique was carried out to evaluate kaolin clay mineral deposit of Lakiri village, Obafemi-Owode local government area of Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A geophysical survey using the vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique was carried out to evaluate kaolin clay mineral deposit of Lakiri village, Obafemi-Owode local government area of Ogun State, Southwestern, Nigeria. Thirty three (33) Schlumberger vertical electrical soundings (VES) were acquired at three different sites. The data obtained was interpreted using WingGLink software to determine the apparent resistivity and thickness of each geoelectric layer. A minimum of three geoelectric layers and a maximum of five geoelectric layers were delineated. The subsurface lithology includes: topsoil, clayey sand/sandy clay, kaolin clay and sandstone. The kaolin clay distribution was identified in about 80% of the VES stations with resistivity values ranging between 1099 - 22037 � m and thicknesses between 0.4 - 17 m. Chemical analysis carried out on samples collected from these sites shows that the kaolin clay is acidic and contains high concentration of alkaline metals. The physical analyses revealed the kaolin clay to have an average porosity of 0.46 and bulk density of 1.4 g cm -3 . The study also revealed that the percentage of clay in the samples collected was found to be higher than that of silt and sand.

26 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Bruce Velde1
TL;DR: In this article, the phase diagrams of mixed layering solid solution in dioctahedral (illite-montmorillonite) and three-dimensional expanding chlorite and corrensite-like minerals were constructed.
Abstract: New and published experimental data on hydrothermally treated (2-kbar water pressure, 300-400~ natural clay minerals is used to construct phase diagrams in composition and pressure-tem- perature space which define the phase relations of mixed layering solid solution in dioctahedral (illite- montmorillonite) and trioctahedral expanding chlorite and corrensite-like minerals. Three major rela- tions are established: (1) The R 3+, i.e. A13+ and/or Fe 3+, content of the assemblage will control whether or not an expanding chlorite or corrensite phase will appear. These minerals are Ra+-rich in composition as well as R 2+ (Mg and FeZ+)-rich. (2) Temperature-pressure variables control the type and composition of the mixed layered illite-mont- morillonite mineral which is stable with aluminous phases. A sequence of different types of mixed layered ordering can be established which might be correlated with diagenetic or epimetamorphic grade. (3) The presence of 'metamorphic' trioctahedral phyllosilicate phases, i.e. those due to the effects of earliest metamorphism, is correlated with the P-T-X variables. These phases include 7 A chlorite (iron-rich), 14 A chlorite and the expanding chlorite and corrensite-like minerals. It is not possible to give absolute temperatures for the different reactions implied by the phase diagram due to the slow rate of crystallization in the experiments. However, the general sequence of assemblages and the phase relations proposed should correspond to those which are encountered in nature when pressure and temperature vary.

25 citations


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TL;DR: In this article, the mineralogical and sorption capacity characteristics of Ankara Clay, which is widespread around the Ankara region, Turkey, have been studied for the purpose of its potential use as a landfill liner.

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