Theoretical analysis of tapered pistons in high speed hydraulic actuators
TL;DR: In this article, an attempt is made to analyse systematically the three types of profiles commonly considered for high speed actuators, using Reynolds' differential equation, and analyses are made using an analytical method for one-dimensional flow and using the finite element method for twodimensional flow.
Abstract: In a high speed hydraulic actuator the usage of seals on the piston surface causes excessive wear on the seals and positional inaccuracies owing to coulomb friction. Hence sealless pistons with sloping surfaces have been tried by some manufacturers of such actuators. Here an attempt is made to analyse systematically the three types of profiles commonly considered for high speed actuators, using Reynolds' differential equation. Analyses are made using an analytical method for one-dimensional flow and using the finite element method for two-dimensional flow. The analyses reveal that single tapered pistons have certain limitations and that double tapered pistons can function successfully under different conditions in hydraulic actuators. It is also shown that friction in these types of pistons is much less than in conventional pistons with seals.
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TL;DR: In this article , the friction force between piston and cylinder in a small pneumatic hammer was measured using an experimental setup at different inlet pressures and the simulation results showed that the proposed approach could significantly reduce the error between the simulated and measured values for the impact energy.
Abstract: Mechanical power loss in pneumatic hammers comes from the friction between parts in relative motion, and wear is among the failure mechanisms of the top hammer. Therefore, it is important for high performance and a longer service life of pneumatic hammers to reduce the friction force between parts in relative motion. This study presented a novel approach to quantitatively determine the friction force and consider it in the simulation model of pneumatic hammer. First, the friction force between piston and cylinder in a small pneumatic hammer was measured using an experimental setup at different inlet pressures. We could find from the experimental result that the friction force was about 0.8 N under the horizontal installation when there was no pressure supply, but it increased significantly, was 20 times greater than that without pressure supply, due to aerodynamic action by compressed air leaked from the annular gaps between the cylindrical matching surfaces of the components. In addition, it increased from 10.27 to 16.7 N due to an increase in inlet pressure and mechanical power loss in the pneumatic hammer that was about 10% of impact energy. Then, numerical analysis for a small pneumatic hammer performance was performed by a model considered the friction force using AMESim software. Finally, it can be seen from the simulation results that the proposed approach could significantly reduce the error between the simulated and the measured values for the impact energy because of ignoring the friction force. This approach will be used to predict service life of piston and find a low friction piston of pneumatic hammer in practical engineering.
Dissertation•
01 May 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a Ph.D. dissertation on Mechanical Engineering at the University of Minnesota, focusing on the use of a two-dimensional model of the human brain.
Abstract: University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. March 2015. Major: Mechanical Engineering. Advisor: William Durfee. 1 computer file (PDF); viii, 155 pages.
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Book•
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: The Finite Element Method as discussed by the authors is a method to meet the Finite Elements Method of Linear Elasticity Theory (LETI) and is used in many of the problems of mesh generation.
Abstract: PART I. Meet the Finite Element Method. The Direct Approach: A Physical Interpretation. The Mathematical Approach: A Variational Interpretation. The Mathematical Approach: A Generalized Interpretation. Elements and Interpolation Functions. PART II. Elasticity Problems. General Field Problems. Heat Transfer Problems. Fluid Mechanics Problems. Boundary Conditions, Mesh Generation, and Other Practical Considerations. Appendix A: Matrices. Appendix B: Variational Calculus. Appendix C: Basic Equations from Linear Elasticity Theory. Appendix D: Basic Equations from Fluid Mechanics. Appendix E: Basic Equations from Heat Transfer. References. Index.
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