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Theoretical and experimental aspects of the energy loss of relativistic heavily ionizing particles

S. P. Ahlen
- 01 Jan 1980 - 
- Vol. 52, Iss: 1, pp 121-173
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TLDR
In this article, the theory of the electromagnetic interactions between rapidly moving charged particles and the matter through which they pass is reviewed and the stopping power of the projectile and the response of the absorbing medium to the excitation caused by the projectile is considered.
Abstract
We review the theory of the electromagnetic interactions between rapidly moving charged particles and the matter through which they pass. The emphasis will be on very massive electric ($\ensuremath{-}100\ensuremath{\le}{Z}_{1}100$) and magnetic ($|g|=137e \mathrm{and} \frac{137e}{2}$) particles moving with relativistic velocities ($\ensuremath{\beta}g0.2$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}l100$). Consideration will be given to both the stopping power of the projectile and to the response of the absorbing medium to the excitation caused by the projectile.

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The stopping and range of ions in solids

TL;DR: A review of existing widely-cited tables of ion stopping and ranges can be found in this paper, where a brief exposition of what can be determined by modern calculations is given.
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Range uncertainties in proton therapy and the role of Monte Carlo simulations

TL;DR: A significant impact of Monte Carlo dose calculation can be expected in complex geometries where local range uncertainties due to multiple Coulomb scattering will reduce the accuracy of analytical algorithms and in these cases Monte Carlo techniques might reduce the range uncertainty by several mm.
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Heavy-ion tumor therapy: Physical and radiobiological benefits

TL;DR: Results of clinical phase I-II trials provide evidence that carbon-ion radiotherapy might be beneficial in several tumor entities, and the progress in heavy-ion therapy is reviewed, including physical and technical developments, radiobiological studiesmore and models, as well as radiooncological studies.
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Stopping of energetic light ions in elemental matter

TL;DR: The formalism for calculating the stopping of energetic light ions (H, He, and Li) at energies above 1 MeV/u, has advanced to the point that stopping powers may now be calculated with an accuracy of a few percent for all elemental materials as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Quantised Singularities in the Electromagnetic Field

TL;DR: The steady progress of physics requires for its theoretical formulation a mathematics that gets continually more advanced as discussed by the authors, and it seems likely that this process of increasing abstraction will continue in the future and that advance in physics is to be associated with a continual modification and generalisation of the axioms at the base of the mathematics rather than with a logical development of any one mathematical scheme on a fixed foundation.
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Magnetic monopoles in unified gauge theories

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that in all those gauge theories in which the electromagnetic group U(1) is taken to be a subgroup of a larger group with a compact covering group, like SU(2) or SU(3), genuine magnetic monopoles can be created as regular solutions of the field equations.