Book•
Theory of Corrosion and Protection of Metals : The Science of Corrosion
01 Jan 1966-
About: The article was published on 1966-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 142 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Corrosion.
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Book•
02 Oct 2004
TL;DR: Aluminium and its alloys Aluminium corrosion Atmospheric corrosion of aluminium Corrosion in water The action of mineral products and organic products The effect of different environments appendices as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Aluminium and its alloys Aluminium corrosion Atmospheric corrosion of aluminium Corrosion in water The action of mineral products The action of organic products The effect of different environments appendices
376 citations
Dissertation•
21 Oct 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of Corrosion of steel in concrete in concrete and present a mathematical model of the time to cracking of a concrete block, based on Cady-Weyer's Deterioration Model.
Abstract: ii Acknowledgments iii List of Figures vii List of Tables x Notations xi 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Deterioration Models 1 1.3 Scope of Study 3 2.0 Review of Corrosion of Steel in Concrete 2.1 Background 5 2.1.1 Mechanism of Electrochemical Corrosion 5 2.1.2 Pourbaix Diagrams 7 2.1.3 Polarization 8 2.1.4 Passivity 11 2.1.5 Growth of Rust Film 11 2.2 Corrosion of Steel in Concrete 12 2.2.1 Concrete as an Electrolyte 12 2.2.2 Principles of Steel Corrosion in Concrete 16 2.2.3 Initiation of Steel Corrosion in Concrete 19 2.2.4 Corrosive Activity of Concrete 21 2.3 Corrosion Monitoring Techniques 25 2.3.1 Half-cell Potential 25 2.3.2 Linear Polarization Technique 26 2.3.3 AC Impedance 28 2.3.4 Gravimetric Technique (Weight Loss Method) 28 2.3.5 Techniques for Determining the Chloride Content 29 2.4 Summary 29 3.0 Review of Time to Cracking Models 32 3.1 Cady-Weyers' Deterioration Model 32 3.2 Bazant’s Mathematical Models of Time to Cracking 32 3.3 Morinaga’s Empirical Equation of Time to Cracking 34 3.4 Other Metal Loss Criteria to Cracking 35 3.5 Some Comments on Existing Model s 36
213 citations
Cites background from "Theory of Corrosion and Protection ..."
...In case of atmospheric corrosion or soil corrosion, n has values between 1 to 3 depending on the suppression of diffusion [30]....
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...It is more proper to express the deterioration rate with time by the more general relationship [30], y = kt (2....
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...Whereas, when a pore volume of the concrete is completely filled with water, then oxygen can reach the steel surface only by diffusion through the pore water, and the diffusivity of oxygen in water is about four powers lower than that in air [30]....
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...The temperature dependence of the kinetics of electrode processes and processes of diffusion that take place in the concrete can be a certain degree expressed by the Arrehenius equation [30]:...
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TL;DR: A sufficient body of knowledge has been built up in published scientific papers to warrant an up-to-date review of the current state-of-the-art of marine atmospheric corrosion and to assess what issues still need to be addressed.
Abstract: The atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel is an extensive topic that has been studied over the years by many researchers. However, until relatively recently, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the action of marine chlorides. Corrosion in coastal regions is a particularly relevant issue due the latter’s great importance to human society. About half of the world’s population lives in coastal regions and the industrialisation of developing countries tends to concentrate production plants close to the sea. Until the start of the 21st century, research on the basic mechanisms of rust formation in Cl−-rich atmospheres was limited to just a small number of studies. However, in recent years, scientific understanding of marine atmospheric corrosion has advanced greatly, and in the authors’ opinion a sufficient body of knowledge has been built up in published scientific papers to warrant an up-to-date review of the current state-of-the-art and to assess what issues still need to be addressed. That is the purpose of the present review. After a preliminary section devoted to basic concepts on atmospheric corrosion, the marine atmosphere, and experimentation on marine atmospheric corrosion, the paper addresses key aspects such as the most significant corrosion products, the characteristics of the rust layers formed, and the mechanisms of steel corrosion in marine atmospheres. Special attention is then paid to important matters such as coastal-industrial atmospheres and long-term behaviour of carbon steel exposed to marine atmospheres. The work ends with a section dedicated to issues pending, noting a series of questions in relation with which greater research efforts would seem to be necessary.
181 citations
Cites background from "Theory of Corrosion and Protection ..."
...) and humidity condensation due to temperature changes (dew), capillary condensation when the surfaces are covered with corrosion products or with deposits of solid particles, and chemical condensation due to the hygroscopic properties of certain polluting substances deposited on the metallic surface, are the main promoters of metallic corrosion in the atmosphere [2]....
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TL;DR: It is shown how, on the one hand, recent experiments performed on straight cracks propagating in soft brittle materials have quantitatively confirmed the predictions of this theory to an unprecedented degree, and how this breakdown naturally leads to a new theoretical framework coined 'weakly nonlinear fracture mechanics', where weak elastic nonlinearities are incorporated.
Abstract: The failure of materials and interfaces is mediated by cracks, almost singular dissipative structures that propagate at velocities approaching the speed of sound. Crack initiation and subsequent propagation-the dynamic process of fracture-couples a wide range of time and length scales. Crack dynamics challenge our understanding of the fundamental physics processes that take place in the extreme conditions within the almost singular region where material failure occurs. Here, we first briefly review the classic approach to dynamic fracture, namely linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), and discuss its successes and limitations. We show how, on the one hand, recent experiments performed on straight cracks propagating in soft brittle materials have quantitatively confirmed the predictions of this theory to an unprecedented degree. On the other hand, these experiments show how LEFM breaks down as the singular region at the tip of a crack is approached. This breakdown naturally leads to a new theoretical framework coined 'weakly nonlinear fracture mechanics', where weak elastic nonlinearities are incorporated. The stronger singularity predicted by this theory gives rise to a new and intrinsic length scale, lnl. These predictions are verified in detail through direct measurements. We then theoretically and experimentally review how the emergence of lnl is linked to a new equation for crack motion, which predicts the existence of a high-speed oscillatory crack instability whose wavelength is determined by lnl. We conclude by delineating outstanding challenges in the field.
179 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a probabilistic phenomenological model for time-dependent material loss of mild and low-alloy steels in immersion conditions is presented, along with a review of various factors of importance in marine corrosion.
178 citations