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Theory of International Politics
01 Jan 1979-
About: The article was published on 1979-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 7932 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Global politics & International relations.
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TL;DR: For example, the authors demonstrates how constructivism can, and must, be distinguished from liberalism and uses the recent Iraq War to illustrate three constructivist critiques of an important liberal theory: democratic peace theory.
Abstract: Recently, scholars have connected US constructivism to liberal-idealism International relations theorists have branded US constructivists as “liberal theorists” for three notable reasons: (1) realists apply an “idealist” tag on constructivism so that it can efficiently be dismissed as a form of theoretical naivete, (2) rational choice empiricists are motivated with amending constructivist assumptions to make them viable for quantitative analysis; and (3) certain constructivist scholars have attempted to build bridges with rationalist scholarship, especially on epistemological terms, and this “bridge-building” has opened a door for a liberal–constructivist synergy This essay demonstrates how constructivism can, and must, be distinguished from liberalism It uses the recent Iraq War to illustrate three constructivist critiques of an important liberal theory: democratic peace “theory” The three critiques are (1) ontological—liberal democratic peace researchers' focus on events leads to an incomplete understanding of processes, structures, and agency; (2) epistemological—unlike constructivism, liberal democratic peace research fails to acknowledge the contamination of subject and object or that state agents use theory to inform their actions; thus the traditionally positivist emphasis on outcomes instead of processes makes for faulty conclusions; and (3) normative—liberalism's radical celebration of the individual desocializes states thereby inhibiting, in structurationist terms, the reflexive monitoring of actions The essay concludes with some general theoretical statements about democratic peace's future as a paradigm for research
66 citations
TL;DR: The increasing insecurity of security studies: Conceptualizing security in the last twenty years is discussed in this paper, where critical reflections on security and change are presented. But their focus is on the last 20 years.
Abstract: (1999). The increasing insecurity of security studies: Conceptualizing security in the last twenty years. Contemporary Security Policy: Vol. 20, Critical Reflections on Security and Change, pp. 72-101.
66 citations
Book•
23 Jun 2011TL;DR: In this article, the effects of veto players on conflict severity, genocide and the duration of peace were investigated in Rwanda and Burundi, and the effect of veto player theory of conflict bargaining was discussed.
Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. A veto player theory of conflict bargaining 3. Testing the effect of veto players on duration 4. Bargaining and fighting in Rwanda and Burundi 5. The effects of veto players on conflict severity, genocide and the duration of peace 6. Designing peace processes in multi-party civil wars 7. Conclusion Appendix A Appendix B Works cited Index.
66 citations
TL;DR: Delegating sovereignty to international organizations (IOs) is both increasingly common and controversial as mentioned in this paper, however, it is not the length of the chain per se that matters as whether identifiable conditions for successful delegation are satisfied.
Abstract: Delegating sovereignty to international organizations (IOs) is both increasingly common and controversial. I address the sources of current controversies in three claims. First, although alleged otherwise, sovereignty is eminently divisible. From practice, indivisibility should not be a barrier to delegating to IOs. Second, it is intuitive that longer chains of delegation will be more likely to fail. Yet, it is not the length of the chain per se that matters as whether identifiable conditions for successful delegation are satisfied. Third, although “delegation” is often used to refer to both, delegating and pooling sovereignty are distinct activities. Much of the concern with IOs is really about pooling rather than delegating sovereignty.
66 citations
Additional excerpts
...Among the many, see Keohane (1983, 1984), Mearsheimer (2001), Oye (1985), and Waltz (1979)....
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TL;DR: The causes of war remain a strangely obscure subject in the discipline of International Relations as discussed by the authors, and most scholars in the field recognize the lacuna only when their attention is drawn to it.
Abstract: The causes of war remain a strangely obscure subject in the discipline of International Relations. Although the subject is of cardinal significance, theories of International Relations address it only obliquely, and most scholars in the field recognize the lacuna only when their attention is drawn to it. While people have a good idea of the aims that may motivate states to go to war, an attempt at a strict definition of them is widely regarded as futile. This article seeks to show how the various causes of violence and war all come together and are explained within an integrated human motivational complex, shaped by evolution and natural selection. These interconnected causes of fighting — some of them confusedly singled out by various schools in IR theory, most notably within realism — include competition over resources and reproduction, the ensuing quest for dominance, the security dilemma and other prisoner’s dilemmas that emanate from the competition, kinship, identity, and ideas.
66 citations
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5,295 citations
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: For centuries knowledge meant proven knowledge, proven either by the power of the intellect or by the evidence of the senses as discussed by the authors. But the notion of proven knowledge was questioned by the sceptics more than two thousand years ago; but they were browbeaten into confusion by the glory of Newtonian physics.
Abstract: For centuries knowledge meant proven knowledge — proven either by the power of the intellect or by the evidence of the senses. Wisdom and intellectual integrity demanded that one must desist from unproven utterances and minimize, even in thought, the gap between speculation and established knowledge. The proving power of the intellect or the senses was questioned by the sceptics more than two thousand years ago; but they were browbeaten into confusion by the glory of Newtonian physics. Einstein’s results again turned the tables and now very few philosophers or scientists still think that scientific knowledge is, or can be, proven knowledge. But few realize that with this the whole classical structure of intellectual values falls in ruins and has to be replaced: one cannot simply water down the ideal of proven truth - as some logical empiricists do — to the ideal of’probable truth’1 or — as some sociologists of knowledge do — to ‘truth by [changing] consensus’.2
4,969 citations
4,163 citations
17 Feb 1966
TL;DR: This book contains the collected and unified material necessary for the presentation of such branches of modern cybernetics as the theory of electronic digital computers, Theory of discrete automata, theory of discrete self-organizing systems, automation of thought processes, theoryof image recognition, etc.
Abstract: : This book contains the collected and unified material necessary for the presentation of such branches of modern cybernetics as the theory of electronic digital computers, theory of discrete automata, theory of discrete self-organizing systems, automation of thought processes, theory of image recognition, etc. Discussions are given of the fundamentals of the theory of boolean functions, algorithm theory, principles of the design of electronic digital computers and universal algorithmical languages, fundamentals of perceptron theory, some theoretical questions of the theory of self-organizing systems. Many fundamental results in mathematical logic and algorithm theory are presented in summary form, without detailed proofs, and in some cases without any proof. The book is intended for a broad audience of mathematicians and scientists of many specialties who wish to acquaint themselves with the problems of modern cybernetics.
2,922 citations