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Theory of International Politics

01 Jan 1979-
About: The article was published on 1979-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 7932 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Global politics & International relations.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A growing number of international relations scholars argue that intergovernmental organizations (IGO) promote peace as discussed by the authors, and they emphasize IGO membership as an important causal attribute of good international relations.
Abstract: A growing number of international relations scholars argue that intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) promote peace. Existing approach esemphasize IGO membership as an important causal attribute o...

258 citations


Cites background from "Theory of International Politics"

  • ...While we break with the materialism of Waltz (1979), Waltz’s emphasis on material power is not an intrinsic feature of his theory; our addition of social power positions is therefore a compatible addition to a realist approach (Goddard and Nexon 2005)....

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  • ...States operate in a semistructured international system, distinguished by varying degrees of cooperation and competition, shaped by the distribution of power combined with the lack of strong mechanisms of enforcement (Waltz 1979; Keohane 1984)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors argue that violations stem from the motivated biases of actors who face a moral dilemma between personal desires and social constraints, and that these biases compel leaders to interpret norms and situations in a manner that justifies violation as socially acceptable.
Abstract: I examine why states violate norms they embrace as members of international society. The rationalist answer, that norms are violated whenever they conflict with interests, is underspecified and empirically challenged. Constructivists cannot address violations well from their structural, sociological perspective. I argue from political psychology that violations stem from the motivated biases of actors who face a moral dilemma between personal desires and social constraints. These biases compel leaders to interpret norms and situations in a manner that justifies violation as socially acceptable. The ability to do so depends on the norm and the situation. The more parameters a norm possesses, and the more ambiguous those parameters are, the easier it is for actors to interpret them favorably to justify violation. Oftentimes norms are what states make of them. If the situation is plausible for states to claim exemption, they violate; otherwise they are constrained. The U.S. invasion of Panama illustrates these dynamics.

258 citations


Cites background from "Theory of International Politics"

  • ...…deviation; and ~4! diplomatic and economic pressure7 to “induce norm breakers to become norm followers” ~Finnemore and Sikkink, 1998:902–4; see also Waltz, 1979; Florini, 1996!. Complying with norms brings “social worth” ~Ron, 1997:277! and the psychological benefits of self- and national…...

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Book
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: The World Politics journal as mentioned in this paper aims to publish outstanding scholarship in the fields of international relations and comparative politics, and it is committed to showcasing two kinds of articles: research articles that pose important substantive, political questions; significantly advance theoretical debates; and present original empirical research to advance knowledge on these issues; and review articles that not only analyze and compare the contributions of a number of thematically related books, but also advance our understanding of how we should analyze and pursue future work on these themes.
Abstract: World Politics aims to publish outstanding scholarship in the fields of international relations and comparative politics. We are committed to showcasing two kinds of articles: 1) research articles that pose important substantive, political questions; significantly advance theoretical debates; and present original empirical research to advance knowledge on these issues; and 2) review articles that not only analyze and compare the contributions of a number of thematically related books, but also advance our understanding of how we should analyze and pursue future work on these themes; in this regard, World Politics review articles differ from conventional book reviews.

256 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, game theory is elaborated as a theoretical approach to international politics by contrasting it with metaphorical and analogical uses of games, and special attention is paid to the empirical issues of international politics which are raised by game theory and are analyzed in other articles.
Abstract: Game theory is elaborated as a theoretical approach to international politics by contrasting it with metaphorical and analogical uses of games. Because it embraces a diversity of models, game theory is especially useful for capturing the most important contextual features of the international system that affect prospects for international cooperation. Through a discussion of the relation among and extension of different game models, the versatility and scope of game-theoretic approaches to international relations are demonstrated. Special attention is paid to the empirical issues of international politics which are raised by game theory and are analyzed in other articles in this symposium.

256 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper showed that the extent of protection in a trade agreement increases with the degree of divided government, and that the Schelling conjecture holds only when the legislature is not too hawkish.
Abstract: Elections affect both the probability of successful ratification and the terms of international trade agreements; domestic politics in its simplest form shapes international negotiations. Without elections, the extent of protection in a trade agreement increases with the degree of divided government, and the Schelling conjecture—whereby an international negotiator can point to a hawkish legislature to extract greater concessions from the foreign country—holds only when the legislature is not too hawkish. An election (where the executive anticipates the preferences of the legislature imperfectly) implies that when divisions in government rise, the probability of ratification failure increases, the expected outcome becomes more protectionist, and the executive's influence vis-a-vis the foreign country declines, thus challenging the Schelling conjecture.

254 citations

References
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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: For centuries knowledge meant proven knowledge, proven either by the power of the intellect or by the evidence of the senses as discussed by the authors. But the notion of proven knowledge was questioned by the sceptics more than two thousand years ago; but they were browbeaten into confusion by the glory of Newtonian physics.
Abstract: For centuries knowledge meant proven knowledge — proven either by the power of the intellect or by the evidence of the senses. Wisdom and intellectual integrity demanded that one must desist from unproven utterances and minimize, even in thought, the gap between speculation and established knowledge. The proving power of the intellect or the senses was questioned by the sceptics more than two thousand years ago; but they were browbeaten into confusion by the glory of Newtonian physics. Einstein’s results again turned the tables and now very few philosophers or scientists still think that scientific knowledge is, or can be, proven knowledge. But few realize that with this the whole classical structure of intellectual values falls in ruins and has to be replaced: one cannot simply water down the ideal of proven truth - as some logical empiricists do — to the ideal of’probable truth’1 or — as some sociologists of knowledge do — to ‘truth by [changing] consensus’.2

4,969 citations

ReportDOI
17 Feb 1966
TL;DR: This book contains the collected and unified material necessary for the presentation of such branches of modern cybernetics as the theory of electronic digital computers, Theory of discrete automata, theory of discrete self-organizing systems, automation of thought processes, theoryof image recognition, etc.
Abstract: : This book contains the collected and unified material necessary for the presentation of such branches of modern cybernetics as the theory of electronic digital computers, theory of discrete automata, theory of discrete self-organizing systems, automation of thought processes, theory of image recognition, etc. Discussions are given of the fundamentals of the theory of boolean functions, algorithm theory, principles of the design of electronic digital computers and universal algorithmical languages, fundamentals of perceptron theory, some theoretical questions of the theory of self-organizing systems. Many fundamental results in mathematical logic and algorithm theory are presented in summary form, without detailed proofs, and in some cases without any proof. The book is intended for a broad audience of mathematicians and scientists of many specialties who wish to acquaint themselves with the problems of modern cybernetics.

2,922 citations

Journal ArticleDOI

2,873 citations