Book•
Theory of International Politics
01 Jan 1979-
About: The article was published on 1979-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 7932 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Global politics & International relations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors reformulated diversionary theory to take into account the effect of domestic structures on the propensity of leaders to use foreign policy to manipulate domestic politics and found that the structure of domestic political institutions and levels of policy resources condition the willingness of politicians to use conflict involvement to manipulatively manipulate domestic audiences.
Abstract: Theory: This paper reformulates diversionary theory to take into account the effect of domestic structures on the propensity of leaders to use foreign policy to manipulate domestic politics. Hypotheses: The structure of domestic political institutions and levels of policy resources condition the willingness of leaders to use conflict involvement to manipulate domestic audiences. Method: Probit analysis of 294 militarized interstate disputes during the period from 1955 to 1976. Results: Domestic structures have a significant effect on the propensity of leaders to use foreign policy as a vehicle of their personal political ambitions.
150 citations
Cites background from "Theory of International Politics"
...To survive, states must respond to the policies and changing capabilities of the other states in the international system (Waltz 1959, 1979)....
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...…determining foreign policy are found at the systemic level, often indicated by the distribution of military and economic power (Morgenthau 1967; Waltz 1959, 1979).1 In the realist view the distribution of power imposes a *1 am most grateful to Randy Siverson, Bob Jackman, Scott Gartner, Lewis…...
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...According to realists such as Morgenthau (1967) and Waltz (1979), balances of power lead to peace, whereas imbalances of power lead to war....
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Book•
20 Apr 2015TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a quantum social science approach towards a quantum vitalist sociology and a quantum model of man, which they call the Quantum Model of Man (QMOM).
Abstract: 1. Preface to a quantum social science Part I. Quantum Theory and its Interpretation: 2. Three experiments 3. Six challenges 4. Five interpretations Part II. Quantum Consciousness and Life: 5. Quantum brain theory 6. Panpsychism and neutral monism 7. A quantum vitalism Part III. A Quantum Model of Man: 8. Quantum cognition and rational choice 9. Agency and quantum will 10. Non-local experience in time Part IV. Language, Light, and Other Minds: 11. Quantum semantics and meaning holism 12. Direct perception and other minds Part V. The Agent-Structure Problem Redux: 13. An emergent, holistic, but flat ontology 14. Toward a quantum vitalist sociology Conclusion.
149 citations
11 Jun 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the relationship between external and internal security interests and identify those elements of international migration that generate perceptions of societal threat, and explain why advanced industrial states advocate openness with respect to trade and capital flows but not to international labor mobility.
Abstract: Given the strong economic gains possible through openness to migration, why do advanced industrial states advocate openness with respect to trade and capital flows but not to international labor mobility? In this article I explain this anomaly using a statist model of political behavior based on perception of threat and its effect on the equilibrium between security’s three dimensions—military, material, and societal. Emphasis on one dimension of security over another depends on the type of threat perceived. While external threats prompt an equilibrium sharply skewed toward security’s material and military poles, the changing ethno-cultural characteristics of increasing international migration flows has generated increasing societal insecurities in receiving states since the mid-1960s. Examining migration trends and border policies in the United States and Europe since 1945, this analysis explores the relationship between external and internal security interests and identifies those elements of international migration that generate perceptions of societal threat. Because societal interests clash with the material objectives of the state, especially given the growing importance of services and skilled labor as well as the economic benefits of an elastic labor supply, policy makers in advanced industrial states increasingly attempt to finesse societal fears while pursuing an overall grand strategy seeking economic maximization through openness.
149 citations
TL;DR: The authors sketch the broad parameters of the English school's approach to International Relations, rather than linking the English School to a via media and, in particular, to the identity of the United States.
Abstract: This article attempts to sketch the broad parameters of the English school's approach to International Relations. Rather than linking the English school to a via media and, in particular, to the id...
149 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that firms in countries with adversarial economies are less likely to adopt environmental management systems (EMSS) based on the hypothesis that regulators and business are on less than friendly terms.
Abstract: Environmental Management Systems (EMSS) represent a new generation of voluntary “beyond compliance” environmental policies that neither set substantive goals nor specify final outcomes. As a result, many stakeholder groups are lukewarm toward them. Since 1993 two major supranational EMSs—ISO 14001 and the European Union's Environmental Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)—have been introduced. Firms receive formal accreditation after their EMS has been certified by outside verifiers. This accreditation can potentially bestow monetary and nonmonetary benefits on these firms.Firm-level EMS adoption patterns in the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States vary, thereby suggesting that national contexts influence firms' responses to them. In Germany and the U.K. a significant number of sites have become either ISO 14001 or EMAS certified, while the take-up of ISO 14001 in the U.S. (EMAS is available only to European sites) has been less enthusiastic.This article begins with the hypothesis that firms in countries with adversarial economies— where regulators and business are on less than friendly terms—are less likely to adopt EMS-based programs. This hypothesis explains why ISO 14001 take-up has been relatively high in the U.K. and relatively low in the U.S. However, it cannot explain (1) the high rate of take-up of both ISO 14001 and EMAS in Germany, where the stringency of environmental legislation has been a contentious issue between the government and industry and (2) why EMAS has been more popular in Germany than in the U.K. This article argues that the original hypothesis, while largely correct, is underspecified. To better explain the cross-national differences in EMS adoption, one must take into account the type of adversarial economy (adversarial legalism versus prescriptive interventionism) and the nature of the policy regime (procedural versus substantive).
149 citations
References
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5,295 citations
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: For centuries knowledge meant proven knowledge, proven either by the power of the intellect or by the evidence of the senses as discussed by the authors. But the notion of proven knowledge was questioned by the sceptics more than two thousand years ago; but they were browbeaten into confusion by the glory of Newtonian physics.
Abstract: For centuries knowledge meant proven knowledge — proven either by the power of the intellect or by the evidence of the senses. Wisdom and intellectual integrity demanded that one must desist from unproven utterances and minimize, even in thought, the gap between speculation and established knowledge. The proving power of the intellect or the senses was questioned by the sceptics more than two thousand years ago; but they were browbeaten into confusion by the glory of Newtonian physics. Einstein’s results again turned the tables and now very few philosophers or scientists still think that scientific knowledge is, or can be, proven knowledge. But few realize that with this the whole classical structure of intellectual values falls in ruins and has to be replaced: one cannot simply water down the ideal of proven truth - as some logical empiricists do — to the ideal of’probable truth’1 or — as some sociologists of knowledge do — to ‘truth by [changing] consensus’.2
4,969 citations
4,163 citations
17 Feb 1966
TL;DR: This book contains the collected and unified material necessary for the presentation of such branches of modern cybernetics as the theory of electronic digital computers, Theory of discrete automata, theory of discrete self-organizing systems, automation of thought processes, theoryof image recognition, etc.
Abstract: : This book contains the collected and unified material necessary for the presentation of such branches of modern cybernetics as the theory of electronic digital computers, theory of discrete automata, theory of discrete self-organizing systems, automation of thought processes, theory of image recognition, etc. Discussions are given of the fundamentals of the theory of boolean functions, algorithm theory, principles of the design of electronic digital computers and universal algorithmical languages, fundamentals of perceptron theory, some theoretical questions of the theory of self-organizing systems. Many fundamental results in mathematical logic and algorithm theory are presented in summary form, without detailed proofs, and in some cases without any proof. The book is intended for a broad audience of mathematicians and scientists of many specialties who wish to acquaint themselves with the problems of modern cybernetics.
2,922 citations