Theory of propagation of explosive sound in shallow water
About: This article is published in Geological Society of America Memoirs.The article was published on 1948-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 376 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Explosive material & Sound (geography).
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29 Apr 1983TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on elastic wave propagation in stratified media and show how the excitation of elastic waves, within a horizontally stratified structure, can be conveniently developed in terms of reflection and transmission matrices.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on elastic wave propagation in stratified media. The development of the theory of elastic wave propagation in stratified media has been strongly influenced by the problems of seismic wave propagation and the nature of the seismograms recorded from earthquakes. For purely analytic developments of elastic wave propagation, the level of manageable algebraic complexity is reached in a model with one or two uniform layers overlying a uniform half space. This chapter shows how the excitation of elastic waves, within a horizontally stratified structure, can be conveniently developed in terms of reflection and transmission matrices. This procedure has allowed the construction of the full response of the medium or approximations with desired properties so that theoretical seismograms may be calculated for realistic distributions of elastic parameters. Although this development has been for isotropic media, nearly all the results apply directly to the case of full anisotropy if 3 × 3 reflection and transmission matrices allowing coupling between all wave types are employed. This development of the wavefield for both source and receiver within the stratification may be used for other classes of wave propagation.
1,219 citations
Cites background from "Theory of propagation of explosive ..."
...Near extrema in the group slowness the above treatment is inadequate and an improved approximation may be found in terms of Airy functions, following analysis due to Pekeris (1948): uzj(r, φ, 0, t) = |F(pj,ωa)| Q1/3 Ai [ Psgn(Q) |Q|1/3 ] × exp{iωa(pjr− t) + iψj(ωa)}, (11....
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...This desirable property was first pointed out by Alterman, Jarosch & Pekeris (1959) in an analogous development for a sphere, and this makes (2....
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01 Jan 2004
416 citations
Cites background from "Theory of propagation of explosive ..."
...Pekeris (1948) studied the excitation and propagation of guided waves in a fluid layer, calculating theoretical seismograms (although the existence of the equivalent Love waves had been known before)....
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12 Dec 2012
TL;DR: A compilation of the papers presented at a meeting that took place in April 1980 at the Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida is presented in this article, which is an outgrowths of two earlier international meetings on marine bio-acoustics that occurred in 1963 and 1966 (Tavolga 1964, 1967).
Abstract: This volume is a compilation of the papers presented at a meeting that took place in April 1980 at the Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida The meeting and this volume are outgrowths of two earlier international meetings on marine bio-acoustics that occurred in 1963 and 1966 (Tavolga 1964, 1967) The first meeting took place at the Lerner Marine Laboratory of the American Museum of Natural History, while the second meeting was at the American Museum itself, and was under the sponsorship of the Department of Animal Behavior It is apparent that these two volumes have had immense impact on the current study of marine bio-acoustics, and particularly on fish audition In a preliminary conference in Sarasota in 1979 we decided that it was time for another such meeting, to bring together as many as possible of the investigators interested in fish acoustics in order to assess the current state of our knowledge and predict directions for research for the next several years Such a meeting appeared par ticularly timely, since over the past four or five years there have been many new studies that have provided new empirical and theoretical work on basic mechanisms of fish audition Furthermore, it became evident, as we made up preliminary lists of possible participants, that few of the currently active workers were in the field back in 1966 In fact, of the current participants, only Drs"
382 citations
Cites background from "Theory of propagation of explosive ..."
...Sand and Enger (1973) found that removing gas from the swimbladder of Gadus morhua (cod) reduced the sensitivity at 300 Hz by about 20 dB, while Fay and Popper (1975) found a decline in the sound pressure sensitivity of Ictalurus punctatus (catfish) above 100 Hz after swimbladder deflation....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a theory for the propagation of seismic surface-waves from finite moving sources is proposed, in which basic solutions for surface displacements from directional sources are integrated to obtain the effect of a moving fault with arbitrary dip angle.
Abstract: A theory is proposed for the propagation of seismic surface-waves from finite moving sources. The method consists of obtaining, in the first place, basic solutions for surface displacements from directional sources. These solutions are integrated to obtain the effect of a moving fault with arbitrary dip angle. Displacements are evaluated for Rayleigh and Love-waves, at long ranges. It is shown that the dimensions of the source and the speed of rupture play an important role in the wave-pattern and cannot be ignored whenever the dimensions of the source are of the order of the radiation's dominant-wave-length. It is demonstrated how this theory may lead to a derivation of the velocity of rupture and the fault-length from seismic records of a single station. Evidence is furnished both from two-dimensional model experiments and the Chilean Earthquake of May 1960.
382 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied analytically normal modes trapped in a liquid-filled layer sandwiched between two solid half-space, and found that a slow wave, similar to the tube wave found by Blot, exists for all wavelengths.
Abstract: The dynamics and seismic radiation of fluid-filled cracks have been studied by numerous authors, as models for tremor and for long-period events observed at volcanoes. One of the most intriguing results of the recent models is the existence of a very slow wave propagating along the crack boundary. In order to bet- ter understand this slow wave, which has so far only been studied numerically, we studied analytically normal modes trapped in a liq- uid layer sandwiched between two solid half--space,;. A slow wave, similar to the tube wave found by Blot, exists for all wavelengths. In the short wavelength limit, this wave approaches the Stoneley wave for the liquid-solid interface. Unlike the tube w; re, however, as the wavelength increases to infinity, both the phase and group velocities approach zero, in inverse proportion to the square root of wavelength. The phase velocity and amplitude of this slow wave are in good agreement with those obtained by the numerical stud- ies on the dynamics of fluid-filled cracks by two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite difference methods. In the past the size of a magma body has been estimated from volcanic tremor periods and the acoustic velocity in the fluid. These estimates should be drasti- cally reduced if the slow wave donfinates (he tremor. For exan?ple, the extremely long-period volcanic tremor, with periods up to "s, observed at Mount Aso may be generated by a fluid-filled crack of modest size, a magma body 0.5 m thick end 0.5 km long.
221 citations