Theory of Serial Pattern Learning: Structural Trees.
About: This article is published in Psychological Review.The article was published on 1970-11-01. It has received 354 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Sequence learning & Learning theory.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The amplitude of the P300 component is controlled multiplicatively by the subjective probability and task relevance of eliciting events, whereas its latency depends on the duration of stimulus evaluation as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: To understand the endogenous components of the event-related brain potential (ERP), we must use data about the components' antecedent conditions to form hypotheses about the information-processing function of the underlying brain activity These hypotheses, in turn, generate testable predictions about the consequences of the component We review the application of this approach to the analysis of the P300 component The amplitude of the P300 is controlled multiplicatively by the subjective probability and the task relevance of the eliciting events, whereas its latency depends on the duration of stimulus evaluation These and other factors suggest that the P300 is a manifestation of activity occurring whenever one's model of the environment must be revised Tests of three predictions based on this “context updating” model are reviewed Verleger's critique is based on a misconstrual of the model as well as a partial and misleading reading of the relevant literature
3,451 citations
1,155 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Deutsch et al. describe the processing of pitch combinations in music and present a method for detecting pitch combinations with the help of a neural network, which can be used to detect pitch combinations.
Abstract: J.R. Pierce, The Nature of Musical Sound. M.R. Schroeder, Concert Halls: From Magic to Number Theory. N.M. Weinberger, Music and the Auditory System. R. Rasch and R. Plomp, The Perception of Musical Tones. J-C. Risset and D.L. Wessel, Exploration of Timbre by Analysis and Synthesis. J. Sundberg, The Perception of Singing. E.M. Burns, Intervals, Scales, and Tuning. W.D. Ward, Absolute Pitch. D. Deutsch, Grouping Mechanisms in Music. D. Deutsch, The Processing of Pitch Combinations. J.J. Bharucha, Neural Nets, Temporal Composites, and Tonality. E. Narmour, Hierarchical Expectation and Musical Style. E.F. Clarke, Rhythm and Timing in Music. A. Gabrielsson, The Performance of Music. W.J. Dowling, The Development of Music Perception and Cognition. R. Shuter-Dyson, Musical Ability. O.S.M. Marin and D.W. Perry, Neurological Aspects of Music Perception and Performance. E.C. Carterette and R.A. Kendall, Comparative Music Perception and Cognition. Index.
1,149 citations
TL;DR: Experimental results from normal subjects and patients with various brain lesions converge on the conclusion that there is a specialization in the verbal working memory system for assigning the syntactic structure of a sentence and using that structure in determining sentence meaning that is separate from theWorking memory system underlying the use of sentence meaning to accomplish other functions.
Abstract: This target article discusses the verbal working memory system used in sentence comprehension. We review the concept of working memory as a short-duration system in which small amounts of information are simultaneously stored and manipulated in the service of accomplishing a task. We summarize the argument that syntactic processing in sentence comprehension requires such a storage and computational system. We then ask whether the working memory system used in syntactic processing is the same as that used in verbally mediated tasks that involve conscious controlled processing. Evidence is brought to bear from various sources: the relationship between individual differences in working memory and individual differences in the efficiency of syntactic processing; the effect of concurrent verbal memory load on syntactic processing; and syntactic processing in patients with poor short-term memory, patients with poor working memory, and patients with aphasia. Experimental results from these normal subjects and patients with various brain lesions converge on the conclusion that there is a specialization in the verbal working memory system for assigning the syntactic structure of a sentence and using that structure in determining sentence meaning that is separate from the working memory system underlying the use of sentence meaning to accomplish other functions. We present a theory of the divisions of the verbal working memory system and suggestions regarding its neural basis.
974 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a more general formulation of the context updating hypothesis is proposed, which implies that P3-evoking stimuli are initially unexpected but later become expected, which cannot account for relevant portions of the available evidence and it entails some basic contradictions.
Abstract: P3 is the most prominent of the electrical potentials of the human electroencephalogram that are sensitive to psychological variables. According to the most influential current hypothesis about its psychological significance [E. Donchin's], the “context updating” hypothesis, P3 reflects the updating of working memory. This hypothesis cannot account for relevant portions of the available evidence and it entails some basic contradictions. A more general formulation of this hypothesis is that P3 reflects the updating of expectancies. This version implies that P3-evoking stimuli are initially unexpected but later become expected. This contradiction cannot be resolved within this formulation. The alternative “context closure” hypothesis retains the concept of “strategic information processing” emphasized by the context updating hypothesis. P3s are evoked by events that are awaited when subjects deal with repetitive, highly structured tasks; P3s arise from subjects' combining successive stimuli into larger units. The tasks in which P3s are elicited can accordingly be classified in terms of their respective formal sequences of stimuli. P3 may be a physiological indicator of excess activation being released from perceptual control areas.
834 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: Methodological preliminaries of generative grammars as theories of linguistic competence; theory of performance; organization of a generative grammar; justification of grammar; descriptive and explanatory theories; evaluation procedures; linguistic theory and language learning.
12,586 citations
Book•
01 May 1965
TL;DR: Generative grammars as theories of linguistic competence as discussed by the authors have been used as a theory of performance for language learning. But they have not yet been applied to the problem of language modeling.
Abstract: : Contents: Methodological preliminaries: Generative grammars as theories of linguistic competence; theory of performance; organization of a generative grammar; justification of grammars; formal and substantive grammars; descriptive and explanatory theories; evaluation procedures; linguistic theory and language learning; generative capacity and its linguistic relevance Categories and relations in syntactic theory: Scope of the base; aspects of deep structure; illustrative fragment of the base component; types of base rules Deep structures and grammatical transformations Residual problems: Boundaries of syntax and semantics; structure of the lexicon
12,225 citations
01 Jan 1963
TL;DR: It is proposed to describe talkers and listeners to describe the users of language rather than the language itself, just as the authors' knowledge of arithmetic is not merely the collection of their arithmetic responses, habits, or dispositions.
Abstract: been proposed to describe talkers and listeners to describe the users of language rather than the language itself. As m was pointed out at the beginning of Chapter 12, our language is not merely the collection of our linguistic responses, habits, or dispositions, just as our knowledge of arithmetic is not merely the collection of our arithmetic responses, habits, or dispositions. We must respect this distinction between the person's knowledge and his actual or even potential behavior; a formal characterization of some language is not simultaneously a model of the users of that
824 citations
398 citations