Therapeutic potential of rice-derived polyphenols on obesity-related oxidative stress and inflammation
01 Nov 2018-Journal of Applied Biomedicine (University of South Bohemia)-Vol. 16, Iss: 4, pp 255-262
TL;DR: Polyphenols derived from rice, the oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways involved in obesity pathogenesis, bioavailability of polyphenols and the therapeutic potential ofpolyphenols on transcriptional and molecular pathways related to obesity and obesity-related diseases are discussed.
Abstract: Global obesity rates are of epidemic proportion. With limited treatments available there is a large demand for therapeutic alternatives. Polyphenols derived from coloured rice varieties may serve as a potential functional food alternative in combating obesity and obesity-related diseases. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols found in coloured rice varieties could have the ability to neutralize oxidative stress and modulate inflammatory responses in obese populations. This review discusses polyphenols derived from rice, the oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways involved in obesity pathogenesis, bioavailability of polyphenols and the therapeutic potential of polyphenols on transcriptional and molecular pathways related to obesity and obesity-related diseases.
Citations
More filters
[...]
TL;DR: The nutritional value of black rice means that it has the potential to be used in the production of healthy foods and beverages, such as functional products and gluten-free cereals, thereby providing extra health benefits to consumers.
Abstract: Black rice is a variety of pigmented rice. It contains numerous nutritional and bioactive components, including essential amino acids, functional lipids, dietary fibre, vitamins, minerals, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, γ-oryzanols, tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytosterols and phytic acid. There have been several studies of black rice due to its alleged beneficial health effects when consumed regularly. This review focuses on the historical aspects, chemical composition, and nutritional and functional properties of black rice. Furthermore, a discussion of the development of new foods and beverages with applications and processing technologies designed to improve their quality attributes. The nutritional value of black rice means that it has the potential to be used in the production of healthy foods and beverages, such as functional products and gluten-free cereals, thereby providing extra health benefits to consumers.
27 citations
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, different physicochemical processing treatments and their effects have been summarized in order to provide the basis for promoting the development and utilization of food, and the various functions of whole grains are closely related to the antioxidant effect of polyphenols.
Abstract: Phenolic compounds are important products of secondary metabolism in plants. They cannot be synthesized in the human body and are mainly taken from food. Cereals, especially whole grains, are important sources of dietary polyphenols. Compared with vegetables and fruits, the content and biological activities of polyphenols in cereals have long been underestimated. Polyphenols in whole grains are non-nutritive compounds, which are distributed in all structural areas of cereal substances, mainly phenolic acids, flavonoids, and lignans. In recent years, the health effects of whole grains are closely related to their phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activities. Now, different physicochemical processing treatments and their effects have been summarized in order to provide the basis for promoting the development and utilization of food. The various functions of whole grains are closely related to the antioxidant effect of polyphenols. As the basic research on evaluating the antioxidant effect of active substances, in vitro antioxidant tests are faster and more convenient.
17 citations
[...]
TL;DR: Skin and seed grape extracts of three red varieties at different stages of ripening were studied by using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and for their total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by using spectrophotometric and electrochemical assays and showed that seeds had the highest phenolic content and the highest antioxidant potential compared to skins.
Abstract: Skin and seed grape extracts of three red varieties (Merlot, Tannat, and Syrah) at different stages of ripening were studied for their total phenolic content (TPC) by using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and for their total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by using spectrophotometric and electrochemical assays. Flavanol and anthocyanin compositions were also investigated using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Results showed that seeds had the highest phenolic content and the highest antioxidant potential compared to skins at all stages of ripening. The highest TPC and TAC values were measured in seeds at close to veraison and veraison ripening stages. In skins, the highest values were found at the green stage, it was in accordance with the flavanols content. The voltammetric measurements were carried out using disposable single walled carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SWCNT-SPCE). Three peaks on voltammograms were obtained at different oxidation potentials. The first anodic peak that oxidized at a low potential describes the oxidation of ortho-dihydroxy phenols and gallate groups, the second peak corresponds to the malvidin anthocyanins oxidation and the second oxidation of flavonoids. The third voltammetric peak could be due to phenolic acids such as p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid or the second oxidation of malvidin anthocyanins. The high linear correlation was observed between antioxidant tests and flavanols in skins (0.86 ≤ r ≤ 0.94), while in seeds, 'r' was higher between electrochemical parameters and flavanols (0.64 ≤ r ≤ 0.8).
13 citations
[...]
01 Sep 2019-Acta informatica medica : AIM : journal of the Society for Medical Informatics of Bosnia & Herzegovina : časopis Društva za medicinsku informatiku BiH
TL;DR: Black rice anthocyanins may have function as anti-inflammatory factor related with TNF-α signaling, and this study suggests that delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin -3- O-glUCoside might have function in anti- inflammation.
Abstract: Introduction Anthocyanin is the bioactive compound in black rice, which promotes some health benefits for human body. Present study revealed that black rice anthocyanins improve the biomarker of the metabolic syndrome, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). However, the mechanism of anthocyanin in preventing metabolic syndrome has not been elucidated. Aim This study was performed to identify the interaction of six types of black rice anthocyanin towards TNF-α protein and TNF-α receptor through in silico studies, to assess the molecular properties and bioactivity of black rice anthocyanin. Methods We retrieved the black rice anthocyanin compounds from the PubChem database and the proteins (TNF-α protein and TNF-α receptor) from Protein Data Bank (PDB) database. Protein and ligands were docked using Hex 8.0 software and visualized by Discovery Studio 4.1 program. Results This study found the possibility that black rice anthocyanins interacted with TNF-α have no influence into TNF-α and TNF-α receptor interaction. The binding of delphinidin-3-O-glucoside & peonidin-3-O-glucoside to TNF-α receptor inhibited the TNF-α and TNF-α receptor signaling. The black rice anthocyanins had low activity as a drug. Interestingly, black rice anthocyanins had a potency as an antioxidant due to the hydrogen donor or acceptor in their structure, as protein kinase inhibitor, nuclear receptor ligand, and enzyme kinase inhibitor. Conclusion This study suggests that delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside might have function as anti-inflammatory factor related with TNF-α signaling.
12 citations
[...]
TL;DR: It is indicated that colored rice PE may potentially target OS and inflammatory pathways associated with the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction.
Abstract: SCOPE: Endothelial dysfunction pathogenesis is significantly associated with increased oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Rice‐derived phenolic compounds have been demonstrated to have antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory potential. This study aims to determine if phenolic extracts (PE) from pigmented rice varieties (Purple, Yunlu29–red, and Reiziq–brown) at varying concentrations modulate biomarkers of OS and inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells under induced OS conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: 2,7‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate and superoxide dismutase‐1 (SOD‐1) enzyme‐linked immuno‐sorbent assay quantification demonstrate that Purple PE significantly decreases reactive oxygen species and increases SOD‐1 by 27% and 226%, respectively. Yunlu29 PE (50 µg mL⁻¹) is the most effective in reducing (p < 0.0001) interleukin‐8 (61%) and interleukin‐6 (57.2%). Yunlu29 (50 µg mL⁻¹) reduces intracellular‐adhesion molecule‐1 (p < 0.0001) expression by 34%, followed by Reiziq (31.9%) and Purple (30.2%). Flow cytometric analysis demonstrates that vascular cell‐adhesion molecule‐1 expression is reduced (p < 0.0001) by 53.5% by Yunlu29 followed by Purple (46.8%) and Reiziq (46.7%). Yunlu29 is the most effective in reducing nuclear factor kappa‐B expression by 50.1%, followed by purple (48.8%) and Reiziq (38.6%). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that colored rice PE may potentially target OS and inflammatory pathways associated with the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction.
12 citations
References
More filters
[...]
TL;DR: Transcript expression in perigonadal adipose tissue from groups of mice in which adiposity varied due to sex, diet, and the obesity-related mutations agouti (Ay) and obese (Lepob) found that the expression of 1,304 transcripts correlated significantly with body mass.
Abstract: Obesity alters adipose tissue metabolic and endocrine function and leads to an increased release of fatty acids, hormones, and proinflammatory molecules that contribute to obesity associated complications. To further characterize the changes that occur in adipose tissue with increasing adiposity, we profiled transcript expression in perigonadal adipose tissue from groups of mice in which adiposity varied due to sex, diet, and the obesity-related mutations agouti (Ay) and obese (Lepob). We found that the expression of 1,304 transcripts correlated significantly with body mass. Of the 100 most significantly correlated genes, 30% encoded proteins that are characteristic of macrophages and are positively correlated with body mass. Immunohistochemical analysis of perigonadal, perirenal, mesenteric, and subcutaneous adipose tissue revealed that the percentage of cells expressing the macrophage marker F4/80 (F4/80+) was significantly and positively correlated with both adipocyte size and body mass. Similar relationships were found in human subcutaneous adipose tissue stained for the macrophage antigen CD68. Bone marrow transplant studies and quantitation of macrophage number in adipose tissue from macrophage-deficient (Csf1op/op) mice suggest that these F4/80+ cells are CSF-1 dependent, bone marrow-derived adipose tissue macrophages. Expression analysis of macrophage and nonmacrophage cell populations isolated from adipose tissue demonstrates that adipose tissue macrophages are responsible for almost all adipose tissue TNF-alpha expression and significant amounts of iNOS and IL-6 expression. Adipose tissue macrophage numbers increase in obesity and participate in inflammatory pathways that are activated in adipose tissues of obese individuals.
8,323 citations
"Therapeutic potential of rice-deriv..." refers background in this paper
[...]
[...]
TL;DR: It is proposed that obesity-related insulin resistance is, at least in part, a chronic inflammatory disease initiated in adipose tissue, and that macrophage-related inflammatory activities may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance.
Abstract: Insulin resistance arises from the inability of insulin to act normally in regulating nutrient metabolism in peripheral tissues Increasing evidence from human population studies and animal research has established correlative as well as causative links between chronic inflammation and insulin resistance However, the underlying molecular pathways are largely unknown In this report, we show that many inflammation and macrophage-specific genes are dramatically upregulated in white adipose tissue (WAT) in mouse models of genetic and high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) The upregulation is progressively increased in WAT of mice with DIO and precedes a dramatic increase in circulating-insulin level Upon treatment with rosiglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug, these macrophage-originated genes are downregulated Histologically, there is evidence of significant infiltration of macrophages, but not neutrophils and lymphocytes, into WAT of obese mice, with signs of adipocyte lipolysis and formation of multinucleate giant cells These data suggest that macrophages in WAT play an active role in morbid obesity and that macrophage-related inflammatory activities may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance We propose that obesity-related insulin resistance is, at least in part, a chronic inflammatory disease initiated in adipose tissue
5,866 citations
"Therapeutic potential of rice-deriv..." refers background in this paper
[...]
[...]
TL;DR: Diet-induced obesity leads to a shift in the activation state of ATMs from an M2-polarized state in lean animals that may protect adipocytes from inflammation to an M1 proinflammatory state that contributes to insulin resistance.
Abstract: Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) infiltrate adipose tissue during obesity and contribute to insulin resistance. We hypothesized that macrophages migrating to adipose tissue upon high-fat feeding may differ from those that reside there under normal diet conditions. To this end, we found a novel F4/80(+)CD11c(+) population of ATMs in adipose tissue of obese mice that was not seen in lean mice. ATMs from lean mice expressed many genes characteristic of M2 or "alternatively activated" macrophages, including Ym1, arginase 1, and Il10. Diet-induced obesity decreased expression of these genes in ATMs while increasing expression of genes such as those encoding TNF-alpha and iNOS that are characteristic of M1 or "classically activated" macrophages. Interestingly, ATMs from obese C-C motif chemokine receptor 2-KO (Ccr2-KO) mice express M2 markers at levels similar to those from lean mice. The antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10, which was overexpressed in ATMs from lean mice, protected adipocytes from TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance. Thus, diet-induced obesity leads to a shift in the activation state of ATMs from an M2-polarized state in lean animals that may protect adipocytes from inflammation to an M1 proinflammatory state that contributes to insulin resistance.
3,648 citations
"Therapeutic potential of rice-deriv..." refers background in this paper
[...]
[...]
TL;DR: An overview of the nutritional effects of the main groups of polyphenolic compounds, including their metabolism, effects on nutrient bioavailability, and antioxidant activity, is offered, as well as a brief description of the chemistry ofpolyphenols and their occurrence in plant foods.
Abstract: Polyphenols constitute one of the most numerous and ubiquitous groups of plant metabolites and are an integral part of both human and animal diets. Ranging from simple phenolic molecules to highly polymerized compounds with molecular weights of greater than 30,000 Da, the occurrence of this complex group of substances in plant foods is extremely variable. Polyphenols traditionally have been considered antinutrients by animal nutritionists, because of the adverse effect of tannins, one type of polyphenol, on protein digestibility. However, recent interest in food phenolics has increased greatly, owing to their antioxidant capacity (free radical scavenging and metal chelating activities) and their possible beneficial implications in human health, such as in the treatment and prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other pathologies. Much of the literature refers to a single group of plant phenolics, the flavonoids. This review offers an overview of the nutritional effects of the main groups of polyphenolic compounds, including their metabolism, effects on nutrient bioavailability, and antioxidant activity, as well as a brief description of the chemistry of polyphenols and their occurrence in plant foods.
3,570 citations
[...]
TL;DR: Both overweight and obesity are associated with the incidence of multiple co-morbidities including type II diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and maintenance of a healthy weight could be important in the prevention of the large disease burden in the future.
Abstract: Background
Overweight and obese persons are at risk of a number of medical conditions which can lead to further morbidity and mortality. The primary objective of this study is to provide an estimate of the incidence of each co-morbidity related to obesity and overweight using a meta-analysis.
2,616 citations
"Therapeutic potential of rice-deriv..." refers background in this paper
[...]