Thermal comfort properties of plasma-treated warp-knitted spacer fabric for the shoe insole:
01 Apr 2020-Journal of Industrial Textiles (SAGE PublicationsSage UK: London, England)-Vol. 49, Iss: 9, pp 1218-1232
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the thermal properties of shoe insole which can be examined for permeability and conductivity, air and water vapour permeability, and thermal comfort properties are crucial aspects of interlining material comfort.
Abstract: Thermo-physiological comfort properties are crucial aspects of interlining material comfort for shoe insole which can be examined for permeability and conductivity. Air and water vapour permeabilit...
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper , the TPU/PPy/PDA/SF piezoresistive sensor with high sensitivity on a highly permeable spacer fabric base developed in this paper has promising applications in the field of health monitoring.
Abstract: In recent years, the research of flexible sensors has become a hot topic in the field of wearable technology, attracting the attention of many researchers. However, it is still a difficult challenge to prepare low-cost and high-performance flexible sensors by a simple process. Three-dimensional spacer fabric (SF) are the ideal substrate for flexible pressure sensors due to its good compression resilience and high permeability (5747.7 mm/s, approximately 10 times that of cotton). In this paper, Thermoplastic polyurethane/Polypyrrole/Polydopamine/Space Fabric (TPU/PPy/PDA/SF) composite fabrics were prepared in a simple in-situ polymerization method by sequentially coating polydopamine (PDA) and Polypyrrole (PPy) on the surface of SF, followed by spin-coating of different polymers (thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Ecoflex) on the PPy/PDA/SF surface. The results showed that the TPU/PPy/PDA/SF pressure sensors prepared by spin-coating TPU at 900 rpm at a concentration of 0.3 mol of pyrrole monomer (py) and a polymerization time of 60 min have optimum sensing performance, a wide working range (0–10 kPa), high sensitivity (97.28 kPa−1), fast response (60 ms), good cycling stability (>500 cycles), and real-time motion monitoring of different parts of the body (e.g., arms and knees). The TPU/PPy/PDA/SF piezoresistive sensor with high sensitivity on a highly permeable spacer fabric base developed in this paper has promising applications in the field of health monitoring.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Warp Knitted Spacer Fabrics (WKSF) were designed with polyester multifilament in face and back surface layers and are linked by a middle layer made of polyester monofilament.
Abstract: Spacer fabrics are 3D fabrics comprising of two outer fabric layers that are joined together and kept apart by an insert of spacer yarns, mostly monofilaments. This creates a ventilated layer of air, allowing heat and moisture to escape. Material types and the surface characteristics of the layers influence the thermoregulation properties of the spacer fabrics. In this study, Warp Knitted Spacer Fabrics (WKSF) were designed with polyester multifilament in face and back surface layers and are linked by middle layer made of polyester monofilament. Three-factorial Box and Behnken experimental design was used and the effects of different polyester filament denier combinations of face, middle and bottom layers and the porosity of the fabric on the thermoregulation properties were analysed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface design (RSM) were used for the optimization of porosity and thermal properties of the WKSF. The experimental result indicates that among the three layers of polyester WKSF, the face layer has exceptional influence on all the responses and the bottom layer has trivial or no impact.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the thermal and permeability properties of different combinations of trilayer composite fabrics was done, and thermal comfort properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal absorptivities, thermal resistance, air permeability and relative water vapour permeability have been analyzed.
Abstract:
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate on composite fabrics to develop the improved sleeping bag using trilayered textile structures. A thermal comfort analysis of fabrics is essential to design an enhanced type of sleeping bag.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, optimizing thermal and permeability properties of different combinations of trilayer composite fabrics was done. The inner layer was 100% wool-knitted single jersey fabric. The middle layer was polyester needle punched non-woven fabric. The outermost layer was nylon-based Core-Tex branded waterproof breathable fabric. Five variations in wool-knitted samples were developed by changing the loop length and yarn count to optimize the best possible combination. Two different polyester non-woven fabrics have been produced with the changes in bulk density. Twelve trilayer composite fabric samples have been produced, and thermal comfort properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal absorptivity, thermal resistance, air permeability and relative water vapour permeability have been analysed.
Findings
Among the 12 samples, one optimized sample has been found with the specification of 100% wool with 25 Tex yarn linear density having 4.432-mm loop length inner-layered fabric, 96 g/m2 polyester nonwoven fabric as the middle layer, and 220 g/m2 Nylon-Core tex branded outermost layer. All the functional properties of the composite fabric are significantly different with the knitted wool fabrics and polyester nonwoven fabrics, which have been confirmed by analysis of variance study.
Originality/value
This research work supports for producing sleeping bag with enhanced comfort level.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a warp knitted mesh fabric was applied to sportswear due to good air transmission, but without multilayer structure and one-way transport property, and the miss-lapping structure was used to examine the possibility to fabricate multilayers and improve water transport in warp knitting structure, while the effect of thread type and warp density on comfort properties were exploited to enhance the moisture management.
Abstract: Abstract Warp knitted mesh fabric was usually applied to sportswear due to good air transmission, but without multilayer structure and one-way transport property. In order to solve this problem, the miss-lapping structure was applied to examine the possibility to fabricate multilayer and improve water transport in warp knitting structure. Besides, the effect of thread type and warp density on comfort properties were also exploited to enhance the moisture management. The moisture management test, water vapor permeability and air permeability were examined. Long float at the back side in structure I formed by miss-lapping could improve liquid transport and air permeability, but slightly reduce water vapor permeability. With proper density, there existed the optimal one-way transport capacity and overall moisture management. Warp density in 20 cpc was an optimal parameter of knitting process. Taking advantage of miss-lapping, sample 5 where polypropylene was partly threaded on GB1 provided best moisture management, water vapor permeability and air permeability.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , weft-knitted spacer fabric structure with inlays for insoles is proposed which not only absorbs shock and resists pressure, but also allows heat dissipation for enhanced thermal comfort.
Abstract: Insoles provide resistance to ground reaction forces and comfort during walking. In this study, a novel weft-knitted spacer fabric structure with inlays for insoles is proposed which not only absorbs shock and resists pressure, but also allows heat dissipation for enhanced thermal comfort. The results show that the inlay density and spacer yarn increase compression resistance and reduce impact forces. The increased spacer yarn density provides better air permeability but reduces thermal resistance, while a lower inlay density with a random orientation reduces the evaporative resistance. The proposed structure has significantly positive implications for insole applications.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: An overview of the literature on the treatment of textiles with non-thermal plasmas is given in this article, where a review is given on plasma treatment effects or results rather than on textile applications that benefit from the treatment.
Abstract: This article attempts to give an overview of the literature on the treatment of textiles with non-thermal plasmas. Because of the enormous amount of potential uses of non-thermal plasmas for the modification of textile products, categorizing the applications is difficult, and therefore a review is given on plasma treatment effects or results rather than on the textile applications that benefit from the treatment.
525 citations
"Thermal comfort properties of plasm..." refers background in this paper
...Plasma treatment adjusts or changes the surface layer of textile material and keeping the features unaffected was supplementary effects in essential alterations like surface morphologies, activation, roughness, etching, cross-linking and chain scission be subject to the selection of optimum plasma conditions [1,2]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a new cold plasma jet generator is developed for surface modification of materials at atmospheric pressure, which is composed of two concentric cylindrical all-metal tube electrodes, and the argon is fed into the inner grounded electrode, the outer electrode is connected to the highvoltage power supply and covered with a layer of dielectric, and then a stable cold plasminar jet is formed and blown out into air.
Abstract: A new cold plasma jet has been developed for surface modification of materials at atmospheric pressure. This new cold plasma jet generator is composed of two concentric cylindrical all-metal tube electrodes. The argon is fed into the inner-grounded electrode, the outer electrode is connected to the high-voltage power supply and covered with a layer of dielectric, and then a stable cold plasma jet is formed and blown out into air. The plasma gas temperature is only 25–30 °C. Preliminary results are presented on the modification of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibres by this cold plasma jet. The water contact angle of these materials is found to decrease after plasma treatment and it will recover a little in two months. The chemical changes on the surface of polymers are studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to study the changes in surface feature of polymers due to plasma treatment. The hydrophilicity and surface structure of these materials after plasma treatment are discussed. The results show that such a plasma jet is effective.
241 citations
"Thermal comfort properties of plasm..." refers background in this paper
...Advanced chemical groups shaped more carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, designed on the polyester fabric surface layer [16,17]....
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TL;DR: The results showed that the four tested viscoelastic insoles did not differ in variables describing the vertical impact forces compared to the conventional insoles furnished in running shoes.
Abstract: The purposes of this study were: 1) to compare the impact forces in running using running shoes with conventional insoles to the impact forces using running shoes with four different viscoelastic insoles, 2) to discuss possible effects of the viscoelastic insoles on lower leg kinematics, and 3) to explain the force and kinematic results using a mechanical model. Kinetic and kinematic data were collected for 14 subjects running heel-toe at an average speed of 4 m/s. The results showed that the four tested viscoelastic insoles did not differ in variables describing the vertical impact forces (vertical force peak, time of occurrence of vertical force peak, maximum vertical loading rate) compared to the conventional insoles furnished in running shoes. Furthermore, the viscoelastic insoles did not influence kinematic variables of the lower extremities in a systematic way.
116 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the impact compressive behavior of warp-knitted spacer fabrics developed for human body protection was analyzed based on their impact contact force-displacement curve, energy absorbed-contact force curve and transmitted force-time curve.
Abstract: This paper presents a study of the impact compressive behavior of warp-knitted spacer fabrics developed for human body protections. A series of warp-knitted spacer fabrics was produced on a double-needle bar Raschel warp knitting machine by varying their structural parameters, including spacer monofilament inclination and fineness, fabric thickness, and surface layer structure. A drop-weight impact tester was used to test these fabrics with predefined impact energy. The impact process of a typical spacer fabric was analyzed based on its impact contact force-displacement curve, energy absorbed-contact force curve and transmitted force-time curve. The effects of the structural parameters on the impact compressive behavior of the warp-knitted spacer fabrics were also discussed. The relationship between the peak transmitted force and peak contact force was established for these fabrics. The study shows that the warp-knitted spacer fabrics can be used as a type of effective material for human body protection d...
110 citations
Additional excerpts
...The WKSF thickness of 2.9mm and plasma gas processing time of 9min were optimized by RSM....
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...The primary objective of this analysis was to investigate the influences of atmospheric plasma treatments on thermo-physiological comfort properties of polyester WKSFs....
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...The WKSF was manufactured with polyester multifilament of 36 filaments 100 denier and 24 filaments 50 denier in the face and back surface layers, respectively, and polyester monofilament of 20 denier in the middle layer to maintain the fabric thickness of 2, 3 and 4mm....
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...in the oxygen and argon gases and it is evidenced by means of RSM and contour plots of polyester WKSF. Air permeability: The air permeability of the untreated and plasma-treated samples was investigated and the results are summarized in Figures 2 and 3....
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...The relationship between the WKSF thickness and plasma gas processing time with respect to thermal conductivity is shown in Figure 7....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanical and surface properties and handle of wool and cotton fabrics were measured using the KES-FB system after different stages of treatment, and it was shown that the mechanical properties of Wool and Cotton changed remarkably after oxygen plasma treatment, whereas there were no significantly observed differences between plasma treated and untreated fabrics after wet scouring and dyeing.
Abstract: Following previous work [Textile Research Journal, 74,751-756 (2004)], the mechanical and surface properties and handle of wool and cotton fabrics were measured using the KES-FB system after different stages of treatment. This investigation shows that the mechanical properties of wool and cotton changed remarkably after oxygen plasma treatment. There were no significantly observed differences between plasma treated and untreated fabrics after wet scouring and dyeing.
109 citations
"Thermal comfort properties of plasm..." refers background in this paper
...Process variables and treatment are taken as main constraints to decide and select the physical properties, mechanical properties and thermophysiological comfort properties of textile materials [4,5]....
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