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Journal Article•DOI•

Thermal degradation and viscoelastic properties of Kevlar/Cocos nucifera sheath reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

J. Naveen1, Mohammad Jawaid1, Edi Syams Zainudin1, Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan1, R. Yahaya, M.S. Abdul Majid2 •
Universiti Putra Malaysia1, Universiti Malaysia Perlis2
01 Jul 2019-Composite Structures (Elsevier)-Vol. 219, pp 194-202
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed high performance structural composites using Kevlar 29 (K) and Cocos nucifera sheath (CNS) laminates by using hand lay-up method followed by hot pressing.
About: This article is published in Composite Structures.The article was published on 2019-07-01 and is currently open access. It has received 77 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Epoxy & Kevlar.

Summary (1 min read)

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Summary

  • The aim of this research work is to develop high performance structural composites using Kevlar 29 (K) and Cocos nucifera sheath (CNS).
  • The Kevlar and CNS laminates were fabricated by using hand lay-up method followed by hot pressing.
  • Thermal and viscoelastic properties of laminated composites were investigated as a function of temperature using thermogravimetric (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA).
  • The obtained results revealed that the thermal stability, char residue of S2 laminate was higher compared S3, S4 and S5 laminates.
  • Moreover, S2 laminates showed comparable thermal stability with Kevlar/epoxy composites (S1).
  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results revealed that hybrid composite (S2) offers a virtuous resistance or stability towards heat in the epoxy composites.
  • Viscoelastic analysis results showed that the storage modulus (E’) and loss modulus (E”) of S2 composites were higher among the laminates due to improved interfacial interactions and effective stress transfer rate.
  • Moreover, the damping of hybrid laminates (S2) almost closer to Kevlar/epoxy laminates (S1).
  • Hence, it was observed that hybrid Kevlar/CNS composites (S2) can be efficiently utilized for advanced structural applications where rigidity, thermal stability along with renewability are prime requirements.
  • Kevlar; Cocos nucifera sheath; Hybrid composites; Thermal analysis; Viscoelastic properties, also known as Keyword.

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Citations
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Journal Article•DOI•
Environment friendly, renewable and sustainable poly lactic acid (PLA) based natural fiber reinforced composites – A comprehensive review

[...]

G. Rajeshkumar, S. Arvindh Seshadri, G.L. Devnani1, M. R. Sanjay2, Suchart Siengchin2, J. Prakash Maran3, Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi4, Ponmurugan Karuppiah4, Valan Arasu Mariadhas4, N. Sivarajasekar5, A. Ronaldo Anuf6 •
Harcourt Butler Technological Institute1, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok2, Periyar University3, King Saud University4, Kumaraguru College of Technology5, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology6
10 Aug 2021-Journal of Cleaner Production
TL;DR: In this paper, a review on the synthesis and degradation of PLA, its applications in various sectors and manufacturing methods involved in PLA composites is presented, and different types of natural fibers and their influence on the unique properties of PLA based natural fiber reinforced composites are discussed.

168 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Enhanced Thermal and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Synthetic/Natural Hybrid Composites with Graphene Nanoplateletes

[...]

Naveen Jesuarockiam1, Mohammad Jawaid1, Edi Syams Zainudin1, Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan1, R. Yahaya •
Universiti Putra Malaysia1
26 Jun 2019-Polymers
TL;DR: Kevlar can be efficiently (50%) replaced with CS at an optimal GNP loading for structural applications due to effective crosslinking, which improves the stress transfer rate.
Abstract: The aim of the present research work is to enhance the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of Kevlar/Cocos nucifera sheath (CS)/epoxy composites with graphene nano platelets (GNP). Laminates were fabricated through the hand lay-up method followed by hot pressing. GNP at different wt.% (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) were incorporated with epoxy resin through ultra-sonication. Kevlar/CS composites with different weight ratios (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100) were fabricated while maintaining a fiber/matrix weight ratio at 45/55. Thermal degradation and viscoelastic properties were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysys (TGA), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis, and a dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA). The obtained results revealed that Kevlar/CS (25/75) hybrid composites at 0.75 wt.% of GNP exhibited similar thermal stability compared to Kevlar/epoxy (100/0) composites at 0 wt.% of GNP. It has been corroborated with DSC observation that GNP act as a thermal barrier. However, DMA results showed that the Kevlar/CS (50/50) hybrid composites at 0.75 wt.% of GNP exhibited almost equal viscoelastic properties compared to Kevlar/epoxy (100/0) composites at 0 wt.% GNP due to effective crosslinking, which improves the stress transfer rate. Hence, this research proved that Kevlar can be efficiently (50%) replaced with CS at an optimal GNP loading for structural applications.

100 citations

Cites background or result from "Thermal degradation and viscoelasti..."

  • ...From the analysis the initial endothermic peak around 60–70 ◦C represents the Tg of the epoxy [10]....

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  • ...In particular, previous research reported that Kevlar/CS laminates at 75/25 weight ratio in the absence of nano fillers exhibited almost equal thermal stability and viscoelastic properties compared to Kevlar/epoxy laminates [10]....

    [...]

  • ...Lower damping values in Tanδ plots represents the improved interfacial interactions, while higher Tanδ value at Tg indicates the lack of interfacial adhesion [10]....

    [...]

  • ...Similar to storage modulus results, S2G3 laminates exhibited higher loss modulus [10]....

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  • ...Previous research has proven that the thermal stability of Kevlar/CS hybrid composites (75/25) is significantly closer to Kevlar/epoxy composites [10]....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Effect of cellulose nano fibers and nano clays on the mechanical, morphological, thermal and dynamic mechanical performance of kenaf/epoxy composites

[...]

Anish Khan1, Abdullah M. Asiri1, Mohammad Jawaid2, Naheed Saba2, Inamuddin1 •
King Abdulaziz University1, Universiti Putra Malaysia2
01 Jul 2020-Carbohydrate Polymers
TL;DR: Improvement in the properties was observed for OMMT and CNFs composites compared to MMT/kenaf/epoxy composites, which is attributed to the uniform filler distribution and interfacial adhesion between C NFs, OMMt, kenaf and epoxy matrix.

54 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Characterization of alkali treated new cellulosic fibre from Cyrtostachys renda

[...]

Tamil Moli Loganathan1, Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan1, Qumrul Ahsan2, Mohammad Jawaid1, J. Naveen1, Ain Umaira Md Shah1, Lee Seng Hua1 •
Universiti Putra Malaysia1, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka2
01 May 2020-Journal of materials research and technology
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of the NaOH-treated Cytostachys renda fiber to be reinforced in the polymeric composites was explored, where the treated fibres were characterized in terms of density, chemical composition, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), and TGA.
Abstract: This study aims to explore the potential of the NaOH-treated Cytostachys renda fibre to be reinforced in the polymeric composites. The NaOH concentrations were prepared as 1, 3, and 5 wt% for soaking time of 1 and 2 h. The treated fibres were characterized in terms of density, chemical composition, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results revealed that the density is improved with an increase in the concentration and soaking time. NaOH treatment has reduced the amorphous hemicellulose and lignin content. On the other hand, the improved crystallinity index by 6% was observed for fibre treated at 3% NaOH for 1 h, along with the enhancement of cellulose content as much as 0.27%. From the FTIR analysis, it was observed that the presence of C H stretching vibration from the ether in the treated fibre for 1 h soaking time would form a strong interaction with the polymeric matrix. The TGA results showed that fibre treated at 3% NaOH for 1 h exhibited the highest thermal stability compared to the untreated and other treated fibres. Therefore, it can be concluded that the fibre treated with 3% of NaOH for 1 h soaking time could act as a potential reinforcement in the polymeric composites for light weight applications.

54 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
A Review of Recent Advances in Hybrid Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

[...]

Jorge Neto, Henrique Fernandes Medeiros de Queiroz, Ricardo A. A. Aguiar, Rosemere de Araujo Alves Lima, Daniel Kioshi Cavalcanti, Mariana D. Banea 
01 Jan 2022-Journal of Renewable Materials

33 citations

References
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Viscoelastic properties of polymers

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John D. Ferry
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the nature of Viscoelastic behavior of polymeric systems and approximate relations among the linear Viscoels and approximate interrelations among the Viscelastic Functions.
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Journal Article•DOI•
Natural fibres: can they replace glass in fibre reinforced plastics?

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P Wambua1, Jan Ivens1, Ignaas Verpoest1•
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven1
01 Jul 2003-Composites Science and Technology
TL;DR: In this paper, natural fibres (sisal, kenaf, hemp, jute and coir) reinforced polypropylene composites were processed by compression molding using a film stacking method.

2,161 citations

Natural fibres: Can they replace glass in fibre reinforced plastics ?

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P Wambua1, Jan Ivens1, Ignaas Verpoest1•
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven1
01 Sep 2001
TL;DR: In this article, natural fibres (sisal, kenaf, hemp, jute and coir) reinforced polypropylene composites were processed by compression molding using a film stacking method.
Abstract: In this work, natural fibres (sisal, kenaf, hemp, jute and coir) reinforced polypropylene composites were processed by compression moulding using a film stacking method. The mechanical properties of the different natural fibre composites were tested and compared. A further comparison was made with the corresponding properties of glass mat reinforced polypropylene composites from the open literature. Kenaf, hemp and sisal composites showed comparable tensile strength and modulus results but in impact properties hemp appears to out-perform kenaf. The tensile modulus, impact strength and the ultimate tensile stress of kenaf reinforced polypropylene composites were found to increase with increasing fibre weight fraction. Coir fibre composites displayed the lowest mechanical properties, but their impact strength was higher than that of jute and kenaf composites. In most cases the specific properties of the natural fibre composites were found to compare favourably with those of glass.

1,963 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Are natural fiber composites environmentally superior to glass fiber reinforced composites

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Satish Joshi1, Lawrence T. Drzal1, Amar K. Mohanty1, Salil Arora1•
Michigan State University1
01 Mar 2004-Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review select comparative life cycle assessment studies of natural fiber and glass fiber composites, and identify key drivers of their relative environmental performance, and conclude that natural fiber composite is likely to be environmentally superior to glass fiber composite in most cases.
Abstract: Natural fibers are emerging as low cost, lightweight and apparently environmentally superior alternatives to glass fibers in composites. We review select comparative life cycle assessment studies of natural fiber and glass fiber composites, and identify key drivers of their relative environmental performance. Natural fiber composites are likely to be environmentally superior to glass fiber composites in most cases for the following reasons: (1) natural fiber production has lower environmental impacts compared to glass fiber production; (2) natural fiber composites have higher fiber content for equivalent performance, reducing more polluting base polymer content; (3) the light-weight natural fiber composites improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions in the use phase of the component, especially in auto applications; and (4) end of life incineration of natural fibers results in recovered energy and carbon credits.

1,836 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Review of applications for advanced three-dimensional fibre textile composites

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Adrian P. Mouritz1, M.K. Bannister2, P. J. Falzon2, K.H. Leong2•
Defence Science and Technology Organisation1, Cooperative Research Centre2
01 Dec 1999-Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing
TL;DR: In this article, the potential applications of 3D fiber reinforced polymer composites made by the textile processes of weaving, braiding, stitching, and knitting are reviewed, and the scientific, technical, and economic issues impeding the more widespread use of three-dimensional textile composites are identified.
Abstract: Current and future potential applications for three-dimensional (3D) fibre reinforced polymer composites made by the textile processes of weaving, braiding, stitching and knitting are reviewed. 3D textile composites have a vast range of properties that are superior to traditional 2D laminates, however to date these properties have not been exploited for many applications. The scientific, technical and economic issues impeding the more widespread use of 3D textile composites are identified. Structures that have been made to demonstrate the possible uses of 3D composites are described, and these include applications in aircraft, marine craft, automobiles, civil infrastructure and medical prosthesis.

1,015 citations

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Frequently Asked Questions (1)
Q1. What are the contributions in this paper?

The aim of this research work is to develop high performance structural composites using Kevlar 29 ( K ) and Cocos nucifera sheath ( CNS ). The Kevlar and CNS laminates were fabricated by using hand lay-up method followed by hot pressing. The weight ratios of Kevlar/CNS are as follows 100/0 ( S1 ), 75/25 ( S2 ), 50/50 ( S3 ), 25/75 ( S4 ), 0/100 ( S5 ).