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Thermal degradation of lignin - a review
Mihai Brebu,Cornelia Vasile +1 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors studied the thermal degradation of lignin, a valuable resource for chemicals and energy, in wood, together with cellulose and hemicellulose.Abstract:
INTRODUCTION Lignin, a valuable resource for chemicals and energy, is a main component of wood, together with cellulose and hemicellulose. It is the second large source of organic raw material, constituting about 4-35 wt% of most biomass, 16-25 wt% of hardwoods and 23-35 wt% of softwoods. As the most abundant natural aromatic polymer, lignin has a highly branched three-dimensional phenolic structure including three main phenylpropane units, namely p-coumaril, coniferyl and sinapyl (Fig. 1). Softwood lignin contains relatively fewer sinapyl units and consists mainly of guaiacyl structures, while hardwood lignin contains guaiacylsyringyl structures. As a by-product of the paper industry, lignin is most often used by paper mills as a fuel for the recovery of its energy content. However, due to the very large generated quantities, lignin is increasingly considered as a potential source of chemicals, and studies on its thermal degradation receive much interest. “Pyrolytic lignin”, the organic phase obtained from the pyrolysis of wood or of other biomass resources, consists of a brown tar containing high molecular weight compounds derived from lignin, while the water-soluble fraction, accounting for 60-70 wt% of the whole oil, contains lower molecular weight substances.read more
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Chemical modification of lignins: Towards biobased polymers
TL;DR: Lignin is a highly abundant biopolymeric material that constitutes with cellulose one of the major components in structural cell walls of higher vascular plants and is used as a precursor for the elaboration of original macromolecular architecture and the development of new building blocks as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of process parameters on production of biochar from biomass waste through pyrolysis: A review
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of pyrolysis process parameters on the production of biochar through biochar of biomass is discussed and a comparison between the existing techniques is established in the present work.
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A concise review of current lignin production, applications, products and their environmental impact
TL;DR: The global production of lignin is approximately 100 million tonnes/year valued at USD 732.7 million in 2015 and it is expected to reach $913.1 million by 2025 with compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.2% as discussed by the authors.
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Environmental application of biochar: Current status and perspectives
Fernanda R. Oliveira,Anil Kumar Patel,Deb P. Jaisi,Sushil Adhikari,Hui Lu,Samir Kumar Khanal +5 more
TL;DR: This review provides a critical review of current research updates related to the pollutants interaction with surface functional groups of biochars and the effect of the parameters variability on biochar attributes pertinent to specific pollutants removal, involved mechanisms, and competence for these removals.
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Pyrolysis of agricultural biomass residues: Comparative study of corn cob, wheat straw, rice straw and rice husk.
Bijoy Biswas,Nidhi Pandey,Yashasvi Bisht,Rawel Singh,Jitendra Kumar,Thallada Bhaskar,Thallada Bhaskar +6 more
TL;DR: A high percentage of aliphatic functional groups for all bio-oils and distribution of products is different due to differences in the composition of agricultural biomass, and the higher area percentages of phenolic compounds were observed in the corn cob bio-oil.
References
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Fundamentals of thermochemical biomass conversion
TL;DR: In this paper, Wood and biomass ultrastructure, Cellulose, hemicellulose and extractives, Lignin, pretreatment of biomass for thermochemical biomass conversion, a kinetic isotope effect in the thermal dehydration of cellobiose; Gasification and liquefaction of forest products in supercritical water; Thermochemical fractionation and liquifaction of wood; The pyrolysis and gasification of wood in molten hydroxide eutectics.