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Thermal, electrochemical, and photochemical conversion of CO2 to fuels and value-added products

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TLDR
In this paper, a review compares various alternate fuels and value-added products from conversion of carbon dioxide such as simple molecules to higher hydrocarbon fuels and polymers, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of conversion.
Abstract
This review compares various alternate fuels and value-added products from conversion of carbon dioxide such as simple molecules to higher hydrocarbon fuels and polymers. Different methods of activation are summarized that lead to different products. We summarize the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of conversion of carbon dioxide. An overall summary is given at the end of the review that discusses future approaches and promising approaches.

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Review of fossil fuels and future energy technologies

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed evidence of hydrocarbons decline scenarios and timelines of future energy technologies and showed that fossil fuels, gas and coal may continue to exist for next several decades, yet the energy transition to low carbon intensity fuels is necessary to cope with rampant climate change.
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Tuning Selectivity of CO2 Hydrogenation Reactions at the Metal/Oxide Interface

TL;DR: A better understanding of the complex reaction network is provided, the capability of manipulating structure and combination of metal and oxide at the interface in tuning selectivity is grasped, and the key descriptors to control the activity and, in particular, the selectivity of catalysts are identified.
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Plasma technology - a novel solution for CO2 conversion?

TL;DR: The current state-of-the-art and a critical assessment of plasma-based CO2 conversion, as well as the future challenges for its practical implementation are presented.
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Hydrogenation of CO2 to value-added products—A review and potential future developments

TL;DR: In this article, a review paper comprehensively discusses two different processes, namely hydrocarbon and methanol synthesis, which are extensively used to convert CO2 to value-added products.
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Exceptional size-dependent activity enhancement in the electroreduction of CO2 over Au nanoparticles.

TL;DR: It is shown that the H2/CO product ratio can be specifically tailored for different industrial processes by tuning the size of the catalyst particles, which favor the evolution of H2 over CO2 reduction to CO.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Powering the planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization

TL;DR: Solar energy is by far the largest exploitable resource, providing more energy in 1 hour to the earth than all of the energy consumed by humans in an entire year, and if solar energy is to be a major primary energy source, it must be stored and dispatched on demand to the end user.
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The Active Site of Methanol Synthesis over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Industrial Catalysts

TL;DR: This work shows how to identify the crucial atomic structure motif for the industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 methanol synthesis catalyst by using a combination of experimental evidence from bulk, surface-sensitive, and imaging methods collected on real high-performance catalytic systems in combination with density functional theory calculations.
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CO2 Reduction at Low Overpotential on Cu Electrodes Resulting from the Reduction of Thick Cu2O Films

TL;DR: Modified Cu electrodes were prepared by annealing Cu foil in air and electrochemically reducing the resulting Cu(2)O layers, which resulted in electrodes whose activities were indistinguishable from those of polycrystalline Cu and a higher level of activity than all previously reported metal electrodes evaluated under comparable conditions.
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Ionic Liquid–Mediated Selective Conversion of CO2 to CO at Low Overpotentials

TL;DR: An electrocatalytic system that reduces CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO) at overpotentials below 0.2 volt is reported, and the system continued producing CO for at least 7 hours at Faradaic efficiencies greater than 96%.
Journal ArticleDOI

Prospects of CO2 Utilization via Direct Heterogeneous Electrochemical Reduction

TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight recent efforts and opportunities in the heterogeneous electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to help address the global issues of climate change and sustainable energy production, and highlight the potential of electrochemical reduction of CO2 to produce a variety of organic compounds such as formic acid, carbon monoxide, methane, and ethylene with high current efficiency.
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