Journal ArticleDOI
Thermal exposure conditions for a composite liner with a black geomembrane exposed to solar radiation
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In this paper, a black 1.5 mm geomembrane and geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) were placed on both a 3H: 1V (18.4°) slope and a 3%) base (latitude 44°34′15″N) and left exposed for 4.7 years.Abstract:
A black 1.5 mm geomembrane (GMB) and geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) liner were placed on both a 3H: 1V (18.4°) slope and a gently sloping (3%) base (latitude 44°34′15″N) and left exposed for 4.7 years. The observed solar radiation, ambient air temperature, temperature at the interface between the GMB and GCL, and temperature at various depths (to 600 mm) in the underlying silty sand soil are reported. The interface temperature was up to 40°C higher than ambient temperature on a sunny day. The difference between interface temperature on the slope and base was minimal near summer solstice and increased significantly earlier and later in the year (except when covered in snow). There was significant variability in GMB and interface temperature depending on the contact conditions between the GMB and GCL. The interface temperatures at wrinkles could be 15°C higher than other locations where there was intimate contact between GMB and GCL. Snow-cover insulated the liner from solar radiation and extreme t...read more
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Geosynthetic clay liners: Perceptions and misconceptions
TL;DR: The behavior of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) as part of a physical-environmental system is examined in this article, where the authors explore some common perceptions about GCL behaviour and then examine the misconceptions that can arise and their implications.
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Observations of bentonite erosion from solar-driven moisture migration in GCLs covered only by a black geomembrane
TL;DR: In this paper, field evidence of a new, never before reported solar-exposure driven damage mechanism for GCLs covered only by a black geomembrane and left exposed for more than 3 years is presented.
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Protecting the Environment with Geosynthetics: 53rd Karl Terzaghi Lecture
TL;DR: In this paper, the design and construction-related factors that affect leakage through geomembranes, used either alone or in a composite liner, are examined and the development, detection, and number of holes t...
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Thermal conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners
TL;DR: The thermal conductivities of powdered and granular bentonite based needle punched geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) were investigated at different gravimetric water contents under 25, 50, 75, and 10 as discussed by the authors.
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Field and laboratory observations of down-slope bentonite migration in exposed composite liners
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on significant down-slope bentonite migration first noted at the Queen's University Environmental Liner Test Site (QUELTS) constructed in 2006, which is attributed to thermal cycles that caused evaporation of moisture from the GCL on sunny days (when the black geomembrane heated to 60-70°C) followed by condensation of moisture on the underside of the girders at night when the geombrane cooled.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The interrelationship and characteristic distribution of direct, diffuse and total solar radiation
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present relationships permitting the determination on a horizontal surface of the instantaneous intensity of diffuse radiation on clear days, the long term average hourly and daily sums of diffuse radii, and the daily sum of diffuse radiata for various categories of days of differing degrees of cloudiness.
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Long-term performance of contaminant barrier systems
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the long-term performance of modern municipal solid waste (MSW) barrier systems and the latest techniques for predicting their performance, and indicated that the primary leachate collection systems may have service lives that range from less than a decade to more than a century, depending on the design details, waste characteristics and mode of operation.
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A simple model for estimating the transmittance of direct solar radiation through clear atmospheres
TL;DR: In this article, the clear-day all-wavelength transmittance τ of solar radiation directly through the 1962 standard atmosphere to a surface at altitude A is found to fit a simple mixed-gray-gas model (1 black, 1 gray, 1 clear) with a maximum error of 0.4 per cent.
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Short- and long-term leakage through composite liners. The 7th Arthur Casagrande Lecture1 1This lecture was presented at the 14th Pan-American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Toronto, Ont., October 2011, and a pre-print appeared in the conference proceedings.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the factors that may affect short-term leakage through composite liners and showed that the leakage rate is only a very small fraction of that expected for either liners.