Thermal Performance of Single-Story Air-Welled Terraced House in Malaysia: A Field Measurement Approach
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effectiveness of natural ventilation performance in terraced housing with an air-well system and found that the air temperature of the air well ranged from 27.48 °C to 30.92 °C, with a mean relative humidity of 72.67% to 79.25%.
Abstract: The provision requirement of 10% openings of the total floor area stated in the Uniform Building By-Law 1984 Malaysia is essential for natural lighting and ventilation purposes. However, focusing on natural ventilation, the effectiveness of thermal performance in landed residential buildings has never been empirically measured and proven, as most of the research emphasized simulation modeling lacking sufficient empirical validation. Therefore, this paper drawing on field measurement investigates natural ventilation performance in terraced housing with an air-well system. The key concern as to what extent the current air-well system serving as a ventilator is effective to provide better thermal performance is to be addressed. By adopting an existing single-story air-welled terrace house, indoor environmental conditions and thermal performance were monitored and measured using HOBO U12 air temperature and humidity, the HOBO U12 anemometer, and the Delta Ohm HD32.3 Wet Bulb Globe Temperature meter for a six-month duration. The results show that the air temperature of the air well ranged from 27.48 °C to 30.92 °C, with a mean relative humidity of 72.67% to 79.25%. The mean air temperature for a test room (single-sided ventilation room) ranged from 28.04 °C to 30.92 °C, with a relative humidity of 70.16% to 76.00%. These empirical findings are of importance, offering novel policy insights and suggestions. Since the minimum provision of 10% openings has been revealed to be less effective to provide desirable thermal performance and comfort, mandatory compliance with and the necessity of the bylaw requirement should be revisited.
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01 Nov 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, two forms of ventilation are discussed: mixing ventilation and displacement ventilation, where the interior is at an approximately uniform temperature and there is strong internal stratification, respectively, and the effects of wind on them are examined.
Abstract: Natural ventilation of buildings is the flow generated by temperature differences and by the wind. The governing feature of this flow is the exchange between an interior space and the external ambient. Although the wind may often appear to be the dominant driving mechanism, in many circumstances temperature variations play a controlling feature on the ventilation since the directional buoyancy force has a large influence on the flow patterns within the space and on the nature of the exchange with the outside. Two forms of ventilation are discussed: mixing ventilation, in which the interior is at an approximately uniform temperature, and displacement ventilation, where there is strong internal stratification. The dynamics of these buoyancy-driven flows are considered, and the effects of wind on them are examined. The aim behind this work is to give designers rules and intuition on how air moves within a building; the research reveals a fascinating branch of fluid mechanics.
559 citations
TL;DR: The article deals with an essential problem that is not perceived in design studies and during the operation period as having a basis in incorrect architectural solutions and which can be easily eliminated, the cooling of internal partitions of buildings on their last storeys, in places where chimneys are located.
Abstract: Buildings, energy, and the environment are key issues facing construction around the world. The energy efficiency of buildings is a key topic when it comes to reducing the world’s energy consumption, releasing harmful gases, and global climate change, as they consume about 40% of the world’s energy supplies. Heat losses in buildings reduce the energy performance of buildings and are basically important to them. In the paper, the authors focus on the main problems related to heat losses generated by chimney systems, which are inseparable equipment of building structures, resulting in lower energy efficiency and, at the same time, technical efficiency and durability of the building partitions themselves. Authors present thermal imaging with its contribution to the detection of heat losses, thermal bridges, insulation problems, and other performance disturbances, and then verifications using appropriate simulation models. The mathematical apparatus of artificial neural networks was implemented to predict the temperature distributions on the surfaces of prefabricated chimney solutions. In Europe, we can often find a large building substance equipped with traditional chimneys, which disrupts the current trend of striving to reduce energy consumption, especially that derived from fossil fuels. Speaking of energy-efficient buildings, one should not ignore those that, without additional security and modern installations, are constantly used in a very wide range. Therefore, the article deals with an essential problem that is not perceived in design studies and during the operation period as having a basis in incorrect architectural solutions and which can be easily eliminated. It concerns the cooling of internal partitions of buildings on their last storeys, in places where chimneys are located, regardless of their function. The authors of the paper decided to take a closer look at this phenomenon, which may allow the limiting of its effects and at the same time reduce its impact on the energy performance of technologically older buildings.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the current state of PDS adoption in such climates, and extracted relevant motivators, and challenges for non-adoption of passive design strategies.
Abstract: Growing concerns over high energy consumption and CO2 emissions from residential buildings have boosted the adoption of passive design strategies (PDS) globally, for their promising solution to address these issues, and also positively influencing occupant productivity. As such, many governments and organizations have developed relevant codes and procedures to encourage and enforce the adoption of PDS. Despite the increased focus, the adoption of PDS is still trailing behind in developing countries, particularly in a hot, dry and humid climate zone. This paper examines the current state of PDS adoption in such climates, and extracts relevant motivators, and challenges. The data was gathered through a structured review of literature. Initial results show the extraction of thirty-five motivators and forty-six challenges to PDS adoption. The key motivators include reduction in energy consumption and energy bills, while key challenges include high initial investment and lack of awareness. These are expected to generate a general awareness among stakeholders and allow a better understanding of the underlying issues for non-adoption of PDS. Future research will examine the extracted sets of motivators and challenges through a questionnaire survey in a hot, dry and humid climate zone.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluated the potential application of green retrofit strategies in a two-story terrace house and found that despite the common practice of retrofitting, the result mostly does not depict the implementation of a green approach in which the majority of upgraded works only reached the second degree, only 30% of improvements involved.
Abstract: The surge of terrace house retrofitting practices has evoked sustainability concerns among the construction players. With the popularised means of upgrading the house condition, green retrofit becomes critical to achieving sustainable retrofitting among the existing residential building. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the potential application of green retrofit strategies in a two-story terrace house. The investigations were made concerning the Petaling Jaya District housing development. This thorough investigation involved analysing the retrofitting behaviour of over 2,946 cases leading to the key building components for applying the green retrofit approach. The outcome of the analysis shows that despite the common practice of retrofitting, the result mostly does not depict the implementation of a green approach in which the majority of upgraded works only reached the second degree – only 30% of improvements involved. The high rate of upgrading actions initiated depicts an immense potential for green retrofit strategies to be administered among the existing residential building stock, taking the measures towards more enforceable roles in pushing the country's low carbon movements forward.
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TL;DR: In this paper, two forms of ventilation are discussed: mixing ventilation and displacement ventilation, where the interior is at an approximately uniform temperature and there is strong internal stratification, respectively, and the effects of wind on them are examined.
Abstract: Natural ventilation of buildings is the flow generated by temperature differences and by the wind. The governing feature of this flow is the exchange between an interior space and the external ambient. Although the wind may often appear to be the dominant driving mechanism, in many circumstances temperature variations play a controlling feature on the ventilation since the directional buoyancy force has a large influence on the flow patterns within the space and on the nature of the exchange with the outside. Two forms of ventilation are discussed: mixing ventilation, in which the interior is at an approximately uniform temperature, and displacement ventilation, where there is strong internal stratification. The dynamics of these buoyancy-driven flows are considered, and the effects of wind on them are examined. The aim behind this work is to give designers rules and intuition on how air moves within a building; the research reveals a fascinating branch of fluid mechanics.
576 citations
01 Nov 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, two forms of ventilation are discussed: mixing ventilation and displacement ventilation, where the interior is at an approximately uniform temperature and there is strong internal stratification, respectively, and the effects of wind on them are examined.
Abstract: Natural ventilation of buildings is the flow generated by temperature differences and by the wind. The governing feature of this flow is the exchange between an interior space and the external ambient. Although the wind may often appear to be the dominant driving mechanism, in many circumstances temperature variations play a controlling feature on the ventilation since the directional buoyancy force has a large influence on the flow patterns within the space and on the nature of the exchange with the outside. Two forms of ventilation are discussed: mixing ventilation, in which the interior is at an approximately uniform temperature, and displacement ventilation, where there is strong internal stratification. The dynamics of these buoyancy-driven flows are considered, and the effects of wind on them are examined. The aim behind this work is to give designers rules and intuition on how air moves within a building; the research reveals a fascinating branch of fluid mechanics.
559 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was applied to determine the effects of buoyancy, wind, or their combination on ventilation rates and indoor conditions, and the CFD results are within a 10% difference from the semi-analytical results.
281 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a steady state mathematical model has been developed for a solar chimney which is used to enhance the effect of thermally induced ventilation in buildings, taking into consideration different sizes of the openings of a solar ch chimney with varying values of the discharge coefficients.
266 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effectiveness of night ventilation technique for residential buildings in hot-humid climate of Malaysia is investigated based on a survey on usage patterns of windows and air-conditioners in typical Malaysian residential areas.
205 citations