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Journal ArticleDOI

Thermodynamic Analysis of Using Ethanol—Methanol— Gasoline Blends in a Turbocharged, Spark-Ignition Engine

Hongqing Feng1, Shuwen Xiao1, Zhirong Nan1, Di Wang1, Chaohe Yang1 
01 Dec 2021-Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme (American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection)-Vol. 143, Iss: 12
About: This article is published in Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme.The article was published on 2021-12-01. It has received 5 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Spark-ignition engine & Gasoline.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a compendium of different methods employed in estimating these exergy terms have been reviewed and classified under individual exery terms with necessary descriptions, which will not only provide plenty of information on exergy evaluation methods of IC engines but also allow future researchers to adopt the appropriate one.
Abstract: Exergy analysis of the reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engines is studied by estimating various input and output energy transfer parameters concerning a dead state reference. Exergy terms such as fuel input, work output, cooling, and exhaust gas are measured and are set into the exergy balance equation to determine the amount of loss or destruction. Exergy destructions are found in many forms such as combustion (entropy generation), cylinder wall, friction, mixing, blow-by, and others. These exergy terms have been estimated by considering various factors such as engine type, fuel type, environmental condition, and others. In this article, the different methods employed in estimating these exergy terms have been reviewed. It attempts to make a compendium of these evaluation methods and segregates them under individual exergy terms with necessary descriptions. The fuel input measurement is mostly based on Gibb's free energy and the lower heating value, whereas its higher heating value is used during the fuel exergy calculation on a molar basis. The work output of the engines is estimated either from the crankshaft or by analyzing the cylinder pressure and volume. The exergy transfer with cooling medium and exhaust gas depends on the temperature of the gas. The maximum achievable engine performance is quantified by estimating the exergy efficiency. This piece of study will not only provide plenty of information on exergy evaluation methods of IC engines but will also allow future researchers to adopt the appropriate one.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a multi-point port fuel injection (MPFI) system equipped SI engine was used for assessing and comparing the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of various alcohol-gasoline blends (gasohols) vis-à-vis baseline gasoline.
Abstract: Primary alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and butanol have exhibited excellent potential as possible alternative fuels for spark ignition (SI) engines because they are renewable, cleaner and safer to store and transport. However, it remains important to investigate the technical feasibility of adapting these primary alcohols in existing SI engines. In this research, a multi-point port fuel injection (MPFI) system equipped SI engine was used for assessing and comparing the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of various alcohol-gasoline blends (gasohols) vis-à-vis baseline gasoline. The experiments were performed for different engine loads at rated engine speed. Experimental results exhibited relatively superior combustion characteristics of the engine fueled with gasohol than the baseline gasoline, especially at medium engine loads. Among different test fuels, the methanol-gasoline blend (GM10) exhibited relatively more stable combustion characteristics than the ethanol-gasoline blend (GE10) and butanol-gasoline blend (GB10). In this study, relatively superior engine performance of the gasohol-fueled engine was observed at all engine loads and speeds. GB10 exhibited the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE), followed by GM10 amongst all test fuels. The effect of improved combustion was also reflected in the emission characteristics, which exhibited that GB10 emitted relatively lower carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) than other test fuels. GB10 emitted relatively higher nitrogen oxides (NOx) than GM10 and GE10. Unregulated emission results exhibited that the engine fueled with gasohols emitted relatively lower sulfur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3), and various saturated and unsaturated HCs than the baseline gasoline. The GM10-fuelled engine was relatively more effective in reducing unregulated emissions among all test fuels. This study concluded that methanol and butanol blending with gasoline resulted in superior engine performance and reduced harmful emissions in MPFI transport engines. This offered an excellent option to displace fossil fuels partially and reduce emissions simultaneously.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a new approach for formulating next generation gasoline surrogates is investigated through testing these surrogates in a multi-cylinder SI engine, and the results show that the PRF-MCH blend is a promising surrogate to reproduce the gasoline fuel engine characteristics such as combustion and emission characteristics.
Abstract: The investigation aims to evaluate the impacts of commercial gasoline and gasoline surrogates on energy and exergy efficiencies in a spark-ignition engine. In this investigation, a new approach for formulating next generation gasoline surrogates is investigated through testing these surrogates in a multi-cylinder SI engine. Energy and exergy analyses were carried out using the primary reference fuel-methylcyclohexane (PRF-MCH) blend (82.88% iso-octane + 9.16% n-heptane + 7.96% methylcyclohexane), primary reference fuel with 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzen (PRF-1,2,4-TMB) blends (76% iso-octane + 9% n-heptane + 15% 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene and 61% iso-octane + 9% n-heptane+ 30% 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene) and commercially available gasoline (gasoline) in an SI engine. The engine investigation results show that the PRF-MCH blend is a promising surrogate to reproduce the gasoline fuel engine characteristics such as combustion and emission characteristics of gasoline fuel. The detailed experiments were executed at the SI-engine speed conditions of 1500 rpm and 2500 rpm. It is found that PRF-MCH blend energy-exergy efficiencies are comparable to commercially available gasoline. It can also be concluded that engine testing in terms of energy-exergy analyses for proposed gasoline surrogates provides a qualitative and quantitative understanding of combustion behavior, emission characteristics, assessment of the effectiveness, and useful work potential gasoline surrogates.
Journal ArticleDOI
31 Mar 2023-Biofuels
TL;DR: In this article , thermodynamic and economic analyses of binary fuel blends (E15, EA15, M15, MA15, and T15) using commercial gasoline as fuel and oxygenated fuel additives (ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, methyl acetate and terpineol) at 15% by volume in a spark-ignition engine were performed.
Abstract: In this study, thermodynamic and economic analyses of binary fuel blends (E15, EA15, M15, MA15, and T15) using commercial gasoline as fuel and oxygenated fuel additives (ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, methyl acetate, and terpineol) at 15% by volume in a spark-ignition engine were performed. Performance and emission tests were carried out at various engine loads at a constant speed of 1500 rpm using commercial gasoline and five different fuel blends. Thermodynamic analyses were carried out on the test data. The augmentation in engine load caused an increase in exergy losses and a decrease in the unit cost of engine power exergy values. Specifically for gasoline fuel, the unit cost of engine power exergy at 25% engine load is 1.99 times higher than at 100% load. In fuel blends, the pump price of each fuel affects the fuel cost rate. Exergy efficiency in fuel blends increases with increasing engine load. The highest exergy efficiency is 19.58% for gasoline fuel at 100% engine load. It is 15.95% for M15 fuel at the same load. The exergy values of G100 and T15 fuel were closest to each other and T15 offered better energetic and exergetic performance than the other binary blends.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of butanol are compared with the conventional gasoline, diesel fuel, and some widely used biofuels, i.e. methanol, ethanol, biodiesel.
Abstract: Butanol is a very competitive renewable biofuel for use in internal combustion engines given its many advantages. In this review, the properties of butanol are compared with the conventional gasoline, diesel fuel, and some widely used biofuels, i.e. methanol, ethanol, biodiesel. The comparison of fuel properties indicates that n-butanol has the potential to overcome the drawbacks brought by low-carbon alcohols or biodiesel. Then, the development of butanol production is reviewed and various methods for increasing fermentative butanol production are introduced in detailed, i.e. metabolic engineering of the Clostridia, advanced fermentation technique. The most costive part of the fermentation is the substrate, so methods involved in renewed substrates are also mentioned. Next, the applications of butanol as a biofuel are summarized from three aspects: (1) fundamental combustion experiments in some well-defined burning reactors; (2) a substitute for gasoline in spark ignition engine; (3) a substitute for diesel fuel in compression ignition engine. These studies demonstrate that butanol, as a potential second generation biofuel, is a better alternative for the gasoline or diesel fuel, from the viewpoints of combustion characteristics, engine performance, and exhaust emissions. However, butanol has not been intensively studied when compared to ethanol or biodiesel, for which considerable numbers of reports are available. Finally, some challenges and future research directions are outlined in the last section of this review.

850 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance and pollutant emission of a commercial SI engine using ethanol-gasoline blended fuels with various blended rates (0, 5, 10, 20, 30%).

614 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1978

295 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a reduced combustion mechanism of primary reference fuel (PRF) mixtures (n-heptane and iso-octane) is integrated into the published kinetic model, allowing for the formulation of multi-component surrogate fuels (e.g. PRF/toluene) and for the prediction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in gasoline engines.

253 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Wiebe function as discussed by the authors is used to predict the burn fraction and burn rate in internal combustion engines operating with different combustion systems and fuels, including direct injection (DI) and indirect injection (IDI) diesel engines, classical spark ignition (SI) engines, engines with homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and premixed charge compression ignited (PCCI).
Abstract: Analytical functions approximating the burn rate in internal combustion engines are useful and cost-effective tools for engine cycle simulations. Most functions proposed to date are based on the law of normal distribution of a continuous random variable. The best known of these is the Wiebe function, which is used to predict the burn fraction and burn rate in internal combustion engines operating with different combustion systems and fuels. These include direct injection (DI) and indirect injection (IDI) diesel engines, classical spark ignition (SI) engines and gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, engines with homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI). This paper is a tribute to the lasting legacy of the Wiebe function and to the man behind it, Ivan Ivanovitch Wiebe. It includes a historical background to the development of the function in the mid 1950s in the Soviet Union, the controversy that surrounded its introduction, a description of t...

223 citations