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Journal ArticleDOI

Thermomechanical processing of advanced high strength steels

01 May 2018-Progress in Materials Science (Pergamon)-Vol. 94, pp 174-242
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of recent progress in TMP of AHSSs, with focus on the processing-microstructure-property relationships of the processed AHSS, is provided in this paper.
About: This article is published in Progress in Materials Science.The article was published on 2018-05-01. It has received 251 citations till now.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) in advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) is reviewed, where the main concepts and the recent progress in the processing and properties of AHSS are introduced.
Abstract: The transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) in advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) is reviewed, where the main concepts and the recent progress in the processing and properties of AHSS are introduced. The metastable austenitic stainless and multiphase TRIP-assisted steels, as well as the more recent third generation AHSS grades, namely the medium-Mn and quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steels, are critically discussed. These steels utilize the TRIP effect and the enhanced work-hardening rate through the transformation of (retained) austenite in their microstructures to martensite during plastic deformation for the improvement of strength-ductility balance, which make them especially suitable for the automotive industry to be used in the lightweight car body for addressing the safety, fuel consumption, and air pollution issues. The kinetics of strain-induced martensitic transformation (SIMT) as well as the effects of chemical composition, grain size, deformation temperature, strain rate, and deformation mode on the austenite stability are reviewed. The effects of holding temperature and time during the isothermal bainitic transformation (IBT) in TRIP-aided steels, during the austenite-reverted-transformation (ART) annealing in medium-Mn steels, and during the quenching and partitioning steps in the Q&P steels are critically discussed towards enhancement of the amount of retained austenite and optimization of strength-ductility trade off. The alternative thermomechanical processing routes as well as the modified grades such as δ-TRIP and quenching-partitioning-tempering steels are also introduced.

254 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the mechanical behavior of high entropy alloys with heterogeneous microstructures that reconcile the strength-ductility synergy and the ductility trade-off.

232 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present an overview of the mechanical behavior of high entropy alloys with heterogeneous microstructures that reconcile the strength-ductility synergy, and propose a new alloy design concept based on multi-principal elements.

130 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the deformation-induced martensitic transformation, the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect, and the reversion annealing in the metastable austenitic stainless steels are reviewed.

110 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a brief review of the desired microstructures for Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP), Carbide-free Bainitic (CFB), Quenching & Partitioning (Q&P), and Medium Manganese steels followed by comprehensive discussions on the phase transformations to be used in their creation.
Abstract: Over many decades, significant efforts have been made to improve the strength-elongation product of advanced high strength steels (AHSSs) by creating tailored multi-phase microstructures. Successive solid-state phase transformations for steels with a well selected chemical composition turned out to be the key instrument in the realisation of such microstructures. In this contribution, we first provide a brief review of the desired microstructures for Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP), Carbide-free Bainitic (CFB), Quenching & Partitioning (Q&P) and Medium Manganese steels followed by comprehensive discussions on the phase transformations to be used in their creation. The implications for the steel composition to be selected are addressed too. As the presence of the right amount and type of metastable retained austenite (RA) is of crucial importance for the mechanical performance of these AHSSs, special attention is paid to the important role of successive solid-state phase transformations in creating the desired fraction and composition of RA by suitable element partitioning (in particular C and Mn). This critical partitioning not only takes place during final cooling (austenite decomposition) but also during the back transformation (austenite reversion) during reheating. This review aims to be more than just descriptive of the various findings, but to present them from a coherent thermodynamic / thermo-kinetic perspective, such that it provides the academic and industrial community with a rather complete conceptual and theoretical framework to accelerate the further development of this important class of steels. The detailed stepwise treatment makes the review relevant not only for experts but also metallurgists entering the field.

78 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1951
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt is made to explain the observed phenomena in the yielding and ageing of mild steel, described in two previous papers, in the general terms of a grain-boundary theory.
Abstract: An attempt is made here to explain the observed phenomena in the yielding and ageing of mild steel, described in two previous papers, in the general terms of a grain-boundary theory. On this hypothesis, a satisfactory explanation of the variation of the lower yield point with grain size may be developed. It is shown that strain-ageing must involve two processes: a healing of the grain-boundary films, coupled with a hardening in the grains themselves. A discussion of the possible nature of the grain-boundary film is also undertaken.

5,893 citations

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3,041 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current understanding of the fundamentals of recrystallization is summarized in this paper, which includes understanding the as-deformed state, nucleation and growth, the development of misorientation during deformation, continuous, dynamic, and geometric dynamic recystallization, particle effects, and texture.
Abstract: The current understanding of the fundamentals of recrystallization is summarized. This includes understanding the as-deformed state. Several aspects of recrystallization are described: nucleation and growth, the development of misorientation during deformation, continuous, dynamic, and geometric dynamic recrystallization, particle effects, and texture. This article is authored by the leading experts in these areas. The subjects are discussed individually and recommendations for further study are listed in the final section.

1,797 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the evolution of the new microstructures produced by two types of dynamic recrystallization is reviewed, including those brought about by severe plastic deformation (SPD).

1,777 citations