Three-Dimensional Simulation of Flow Past a Circular Cylinder by Nonlinear Turbulence Model
19 May 2008-Numerical Heat Transfer Part A-applications (Taylor & Francis Group)-Vol. 54, Iss: 2, pp 221-234
TL;DR: In this paper, a nonlinear turbulence model based on the k-e formulation is used to achieve the turbulent closure of flow past a circular cylinder at subcritical Reynolds number Re = 3,900 is performed using three-dimensional, unsteady, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations.
Abstract: Numerical simulation of flow past a circular cylinder at sub-critical Reynolds number Re = 3,900 is performed using three-dimensional, unsteady, Reynolds–Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations. A nonlinear turbulence model based on the k–e formulation is used to achieve the turbulent closure. The results obtained by the simulations are compared with experimental and previously reported numerical results. The grid used for the present simulation is reasonable, and the accuracy obtained is good considering the computational cost involved in carrying out large-eddy simulations (LES) for the same test case. The test flow is also simulated using standard k–e model, and the results obtained by the nonlinear k–e model are found to be better.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors employed partially-averaged Navier-Stokes (PANS) equations to simulate the flow around a smooth circular cylinder at Reynolds number 3900 and evaluated the importance of discretization and modelling errors on the accuracy of this mathematical model.
Abstract: This study employs Partially-Averaged Navier-Stokes (PANS) equations to simulate the flow around a smooth circular cylinder at Reynolds number 3900. It intends to evaluate the importance of discretization and modelling errors on the accuracy of this mathematical model. Furthermore, the study addresses the effect of the physical resolution, or fraction of turbulence kinetic energy being modelled fk, on the predictions accuracy. To this end, Validation exercises are carried out using five different values of fk which range from typical values for well-resolved Scale-Resolving Simulations (fk ≤ 0.25) to Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations ( f k = 1.00 ). Naturally, these exercises require the evaluation of numerical errors, i.e. Verification studies. Consequently, and taking advantage of the ability of PANS to enable the distinction between discretization and modelling errors, spatial and temporal grid refinement studies are carried out to assess the magnitude of the discretization error, as well as its dependence on fk. The outcome confirms the ability of PANS, in combination with fk f k = 1.00 . However, the reduction of fk tends to increase the model dependence on the spatial and temporal resolution. It is demonstrated that similarly to the effect of the spatial and temporal grid resolution on the magnitude of the numerical error, the modelling error diminishes with the physical resolution (fk → 0). The convergence of the predictions with fk is also illustrated.
64 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive survey of the literature in the area of numerical heat transfer (NHT) published between 2000 and 2009 has been conducted by as mentioned in this paper, where the authors conducted a comprehensive survey.
Abstract: A comprehensive survey of the literature in the area of numerical heat transfer (NHT) published between 2000 and 2009 has been conducted Due to the immenseness of the literature volume, the survey
58 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of angle of attack over flow structure, force coefficients and wall related flow variables are discussed in detail, and the non-linear k-e turbulence model is validated against DARPA Suboff axisymmetric hull.
Abstract: This paper addresses the Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach (CFD) to simulate the flow over underwater axisymmetric bodies at higher angle of attacks. Three Dimensional (3D) flow simulation is carried out over MAYA Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) at a Reynolds number (Re) of 2.09×10 6 . These 3D flows are complex due to cross flow interaction with hull which produces nonlinearity in the flow. Cross flow interaction between pressure side and suction side is studied in the presence of angle of attack. For the present study standard k-e model, non-linear k-e model models of turbulence are used for solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equation (RANS). The non-linear k-e turbulence model is validated against DARPA Suboff axisymmetric hull and its applicability for flow simulation over underwater axisymmetric hull is examined. The non-linear k-e model performs well in 3D complex turbulent flows with flow separation and flow reattachment. The effect of angle of attack over flow structure, force coefficients and wall related flow variables are discussed in detail. Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD); Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV); Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes Equation (RANS); non-linear k-e turbulence model doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v8i2.6984 Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 8(2011) 149-163
22 citations
Cites methods from "Three-Dimensional Simulation of Flo..."
...Earlier, UDF implementation had been validated for flow past a square cylinder [Ramesh et al (2006)] and for a circular cylinder [Ayyappan and Vengadesan (2008)]....
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TL;DR: The main challenges to prediction of turbulent external flows of practical interest with Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) and Scale-Resolving Simulation (SRS) models are investigated and bridging models are revealed better suited for prediction.
Abstract: We investigate the main challenges to prediction of turbulent external flows of practical interest with Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) and Scale-Resolving Simulation (SRS) models. This represents a crucial step toward further developing and establishing these formulations so they can be confidently utilized in engineering problems without reference data. The study initiates by identifying the major challenges to prediction. A literature review is performed to illustrate their effects in RANS and SRS computations. Afterward, we evaluate the impact of the challenges to prediction by analyzing representative statistically steady and unsteady flows with prominent RANS and SRS methods. These include multiple turbulent viscosity and second-moment RANS closures, and hybrid and bridging SRS models. The results demonstrate the potential of the selected SRS models to predict engineering flows. Yet, they also show the importance of considering the challenges to prediction during the setup and conduction of numerical experiments. These can suppress the advantages of using SRS formulations. The data also indicate that only SRS models can confidently predict statistically unsteady flows. In contrast, the results demonstrate that mean-flow quantities of statistically steady flows can be efficiently calculated with RANS closures, especially second-moment closures. Among the selected SRS methods, bridging models reveal better suited for prediction due to their ability to prevent commutation errors and enable the robust evaluation of numerical and modeling errors. This last property allows the use of a new validation technique that does not require reference data.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the macroscopic turbulence quantities for porous media were computed and analyzed for different Reynolds numbers as well as for different porosity levels, and the results showed that the spatial dispersion of the mean flow is the main contributor to this quantity at low porosities.
Abstract: In this study, fully developed macroscopic turbulence quantities—based on their definitions in some existing turbulence models for porous media as well as those based on definitions introduced in a recently developed model [F.E. Teruel, Rizwan-uddin, A new turbulence model for porous media flows. Part I: Constitutive equations and model closure, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer (2009)]—are computed and analyzed for different Reynolds numbers as well as for different porosity levels. When computed based on the definition introduced in the new model, these numerically computed, pore-level turbulent quantities provide closure to the formulation. A large set of microscopic turbulent flow simulations of the REV of a porous medium, formed by staggered square cylinders, is carried out to achieve these tasks. For each Reynolds number selected, ten different porosities are simulated in the 5–95% range. The Reynolds number is varied from Re = 103 to Re = 105, covering four different cases of the turbulence flow regime. Numerical results obtained for the macroscopic turbulent kinetic energy based on the new definition show that the spatial dispersion of the mean flow is the main contributor to this quantity at low porosities. Additionally, it is found that for high porosities, the spatial average of the turbulent kinetic energy is the main contributor but the spatial dispersion of the mean flow cannot be neglected. The new definition of the macroscopic dissipation rate is found to asymptotically approach the volume average of this quantity at high Reynolds numbers. It is confirmed that microscopic numerical simulations are consistent with the macroscopic law that states that the macroscopic dissipation rate is determined by the pressure-drop through the REV.
21 citations
References
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01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of the dynamic subgrid-scale eddy-viscosity model and the suitability of high-order accurate, upwind-biased numerical methods for large eddy simulations of complex flows are investigated in the case of the turbulent wake behind a circular cylinder at Reynolds number 3,900, based on freestream velocity and cylinder diameter.
Abstract: : The performance of the dynamic subgrid-scale eddy-viscosity model and the suitability of high-order accurate, upwind-biased numerical methods for large eddy simulations of complex flows are investigated in the case of the turbulent wake behind a circular cylinder at Reynolds number 3,900, based on freestream velocity and cylinder diameter The numerical method consists of high-order upwind-biased finite difference techniques applied to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations written in generalized coordinates Integration in time is done using a fully implicit, second-order accurate iterative technique The results of three fifth-order accurate simulations performed on identical grids with the least-squares version of the dynamic model, the fixed-coefficient Smagorinsky model, and with no subgrid-scale model are compared in the first 10 diameters of the wake The impact of three-dimensionality is also examined via two and three-dimensional calculations without a subgrid-scale model The effect of numerical dissipation is investigated by comparing two simulations using upwind-biased schemes, the first being fifth-order, and the second seventh-order accurate It is found that the near-wake is highly three-dimensional at this Reynolds number It contains pairs of counter-rotating streamwise vortices, the effect of which cannot be reproduced in two-dimensional calculations Three-dimensional computations are essential for predicting flow statistics of engineering interest (AN)
334 citations
"Three-Dimensional Simulation of Flo..." refers background in this paper
...Beaudan and Moin [9] (hereafter referred to as BM) were the first to carry out a detailed LES study for the subcritical flow past a circular cylinder at Re 1⁄4 3,900....
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...The same test case was simulated using LES technique by Breuer [12] and by Krevechenko and Moin [13]....
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...Beaudan and Moin [9] (hereafter referred to as BM) were the first to carry out a detailed LES study for the subcritical flow past a circular cylinder at Re ¼ 3,900....
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...This factor was later explained by Mittal and Moin [11]....
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01 Aug 1994
TL;DR: In this article, a general turbulent constitutive relation is directly applied to propose a new Reynolds stress algebraic equation model for complex turbulent flows including the separated flow over a backward-facing step and the flow in a confined jet.
Abstract: A general turbulent constitutive relation is directly applied to propose a new Reynolds stress algebraic equation model. In the development of this model, the constraints based on rapid distortion theory and realizability (i.e. the positivity of the normal Reynolds stresses and the Schwarz' inequality between turbulent velocity correlations) are imposed. Model coefficients are calibrated using well-studied basic flows such as homogeneous shear flow and the surface flow in the inertial sublayer. The performance of this model is then tested in complex turbulent flows including the separated flow over a backward-facing step and the flow in a confined jet. The calculation results are encouraging and point to the success of the present model in modeling turbulent flows with complex geometries.
238 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a general turbulent constitutive relation is directly applied to propose a new Reynolds stress algebraic equation model for complex turbulent flows including the separated flow over a backward-facing step and the flow in a confined jet.
Abstract: A general turbulent constitutive relation is directly applied to propose a new Reynolds stress algebraic equation model. In the development of this model, the constraints based on rapid distortion theory and realizability (i.e. the positivity of the normal Reynolds stresses and the Schwarz' inequality between turbulent velocity correlations) are imposed. Model coefficients are calibrated using well-studied basic flows such as homogeneous shear flow and the surface flow in the inertial sublayer. The performance of this model is then tested in complex turbulent flows including the separated flow over a backward-facing step and the flow in a confined jet. The calculation results are encouraging and point to the success of the present model in modeling turbulent flows with complex geometries.
226 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a large eddy simulation (LES) is performed for the turbulent flow around a circular cylinder at ReD=3900 with a cell-centered finite volume code that solves the compressible Navier-Stokes equations.
Abstract: A large eddy simulation (LES) is performed for the turbulent flow around a circular cylinder at ReD=3900 with a cell-centered finite volume code that solves the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. The results are compared with the direct numerical simulation of Ma et al. (J. Fluid Mech. 410 (2000) 29) and the experiments of Ong and Wallace (Exp. Fluids 20 (1996) 441). It is shown that short averaging times, which have been used by several previous LES do not lead to converged mean values. For the largest averaging time used in this study, the results are in good agreement with the aforementioned data. In addition, the realizability of the modeled subgrid scale stresses and the computed Reynolds stresses is analyzed.
154 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the predictive performance of explicit algebraic stress models (EASM) and large eddy simulation (LES) is compared to conventional BVM, LES and measurements.
Abstract: The turbulent flow around bluff-bodies features a variety of complex phenomena, e.g. streamline curvature, separation and the formation of large unsteady vortical structures. In particular, an accurate representation of the interaction between mean transient motion and residual turbulence poses a challenge to numerical simulation procedures. In virtually all commercial simulation packages, the representation of turbulence relies on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations in conjunction with Boussinesq-viscosity models (BVM). Various studies have demonstrated the inability of established RANS methodologies to render the fundamental physics when applied to transient flows. In contrast to this, the computationally more demanding large eddy simulation (LES) is known to be a viable approach to simulate unsteady turbulent flows. The present study aims to assess the predictive prospects of advanced recent RANS practices, i.e. explicit algebraic stress models (EASM), in unsteady bluff-body flows. Results are reported in comparison to conventional BVM, LES and measurements. Examples included refer to three different cylinder flows, which indicate that the predictive accuracy obtained from an EASM is in close proximity to LES results, whereas the computational surplus remains moderate in comparison with a linear BVM.
136 citations