Three-Dimensional Simulation of Flow Past a Circular Cylinder by Nonlinear Turbulence Model
19 May 2008-Numerical Heat Transfer Part A-applications (Taylor & Francis Group)-Vol. 54, Iss: 2, pp 221-234
TL;DR: In this paper, a nonlinear turbulence model based on the k-e formulation is used to achieve the turbulent closure of flow past a circular cylinder at subcritical Reynolds number Re = 3,900 is performed using three-dimensional, unsteady, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations.
Abstract: Numerical simulation of flow past a circular cylinder at sub-critical Reynolds number Re = 3,900 is performed using three-dimensional, unsteady, Reynolds–Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations. A nonlinear turbulence model based on the k–e formulation is used to achieve the turbulent closure. The results obtained by the simulations are compared with experimental and previously reported numerical results. The grid used for the present simulation is reasonable, and the accuracy obtained is good considering the computational cost involved in carrying out large-eddy simulations (LES) for the same test case. The test flow is also simulated using standard k–e model, and the results obtained by the nonlinear k–e model are found to be better.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors employed partially-averaged Navier-Stokes (PANS) equations to simulate the flow around a smooth circular cylinder at Reynolds number 3900 and evaluated the importance of discretization and modelling errors on the accuracy of this mathematical model.
Abstract: This study employs Partially-Averaged Navier-Stokes (PANS) equations to simulate the flow around a smooth circular cylinder at Reynolds number 3900. It intends to evaluate the importance of discretization and modelling errors on the accuracy of this mathematical model. Furthermore, the study addresses the effect of the physical resolution, or fraction of turbulence kinetic energy being modelled fk, on the predictions accuracy. To this end, Validation exercises are carried out using five different values of fk which range from typical values for well-resolved Scale-Resolving Simulations (fk ≤ 0.25) to Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations ( f k = 1.00 ). Naturally, these exercises require the evaluation of numerical errors, i.e. Verification studies. Consequently, and taking advantage of the ability of PANS to enable the distinction between discretization and modelling errors, spatial and temporal grid refinement studies are carried out to assess the magnitude of the discretization error, as well as its dependence on fk. The outcome confirms the ability of PANS, in combination with fk f k = 1.00 . However, the reduction of fk tends to increase the model dependence on the spatial and temporal resolution. It is demonstrated that similarly to the effect of the spatial and temporal grid resolution on the magnitude of the numerical error, the modelling error diminishes with the physical resolution (fk → 0). The convergence of the predictions with fk is also illustrated.
64 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive survey of the literature in the area of numerical heat transfer (NHT) published between 2000 and 2009 has been conducted by as mentioned in this paper, where the authors conducted a comprehensive survey.
Abstract: A comprehensive survey of the literature in the area of numerical heat transfer (NHT) published between 2000 and 2009 has been conducted Due to the immenseness of the literature volume, the survey
58 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of angle of attack over flow structure, force coefficients and wall related flow variables are discussed in detail, and the non-linear k-e turbulence model is validated against DARPA Suboff axisymmetric hull.
Abstract: This paper addresses the Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach (CFD) to simulate the flow over underwater axisymmetric bodies at higher angle of attacks. Three Dimensional (3D) flow simulation is carried out over MAYA Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) at a Reynolds number (Re) of 2.09×10 6 . These 3D flows are complex due to cross flow interaction with hull which produces nonlinearity in the flow. Cross flow interaction between pressure side and suction side is studied in the presence of angle of attack. For the present study standard k-e model, non-linear k-e model models of turbulence are used for solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equation (RANS). The non-linear k-e turbulence model is validated against DARPA Suboff axisymmetric hull and its applicability for flow simulation over underwater axisymmetric hull is examined. The non-linear k-e model performs well in 3D complex turbulent flows with flow separation and flow reattachment. The effect of angle of attack over flow structure, force coefficients and wall related flow variables are discussed in detail. Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD); Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV); Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes Equation (RANS); non-linear k-e turbulence model doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v8i2.6984 Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 8(2011) 149-163
22 citations
Cites methods from "Three-Dimensional Simulation of Flo..."
...Earlier, UDF implementation had been validated for flow past a square cylinder [Ramesh et al (2006)] and for a circular cylinder [Ayyappan and Vengadesan (2008)]....
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TL;DR: The main challenges to prediction of turbulent external flows of practical interest with Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) and Scale-Resolving Simulation (SRS) models are investigated and bridging models are revealed better suited for prediction.
Abstract: We investigate the main challenges to prediction of turbulent external flows of practical interest with Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) and Scale-Resolving Simulation (SRS) models. This represents a crucial step toward further developing and establishing these formulations so they can be confidently utilized in engineering problems without reference data. The study initiates by identifying the major challenges to prediction. A literature review is performed to illustrate their effects in RANS and SRS computations. Afterward, we evaluate the impact of the challenges to prediction by analyzing representative statistically steady and unsteady flows with prominent RANS and SRS methods. These include multiple turbulent viscosity and second-moment RANS closures, and hybrid and bridging SRS models. The results demonstrate the potential of the selected SRS models to predict engineering flows. Yet, they also show the importance of considering the challenges to prediction during the setup and conduction of numerical experiments. These can suppress the advantages of using SRS formulations. The data also indicate that only SRS models can confidently predict statistically unsteady flows. In contrast, the results demonstrate that mean-flow quantities of statistically steady flows can be efficiently calculated with RANS closures, especially second-moment closures. Among the selected SRS methods, bridging models reveal better suited for prediction due to their ability to prevent commutation errors and enable the robust evaluation of numerical and modeling errors. This last property allows the use of a new validation technique that does not require reference data.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the macroscopic turbulence quantities for porous media were computed and analyzed for different Reynolds numbers as well as for different porosity levels, and the results showed that the spatial dispersion of the mean flow is the main contributor to this quantity at low porosities.
Abstract: In this study, fully developed macroscopic turbulence quantities—based on their definitions in some existing turbulence models for porous media as well as those based on definitions introduced in a recently developed model [F.E. Teruel, Rizwan-uddin, A new turbulence model for porous media flows. Part I: Constitutive equations and model closure, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer (2009)]—are computed and analyzed for different Reynolds numbers as well as for different porosity levels. When computed based on the definition introduced in the new model, these numerically computed, pore-level turbulent quantities provide closure to the formulation. A large set of microscopic turbulent flow simulations of the REV of a porous medium, formed by staggered square cylinders, is carried out to achieve these tasks. For each Reynolds number selected, ten different porosities are simulated in the 5–95% range. The Reynolds number is varied from Re = 103 to Re = 105, covering four different cases of the turbulence flow regime. Numerical results obtained for the macroscopic turbulent kinetic energy based on the new definition show that the spatial dispersion of the mean flow is the main contributor to this quantity at low porosities. Additionally, it is found that for high porosities, the spatial average of the turbulent kinetic energy is the main contributor but the spatial dispersion of the mean flow cannot be neglected. The new definition of the macroscopic dissipation rate is found to asymptotically approach the volume average of this quantity at high Reynolds numbers. It is confirmed that microscopic numerical simulations are consistent with the macroscopic law that states that the macroscopic dissipation rate is determined by the pressure-drop through the REV.
21 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, a non-linear k-model is adopted as a turbulence model, which can take into account the anisotropy of turbulence with less CPU time and computer memory than RSM or LES.
Abstract: SUMMARY The incompressibleow around blubodies (a square cylinder and a cube) is investigated numerically using turbulence models. A non-linear k - � model, which can take into account the anisotropy of turbulence with less CPU time and computer memory than RSM or LES, is adopted as a turbulence model. In tuning of the model, the model coecients of the non-linear terms are adjusted through the examination of previous experimental studies in simple shearows. For the tuning of the coecient in the eddy viscosity (= C� ), the realizability constraints are derived in three types of basic 2Dow patterns, namely, a simple shearow, �ow around a saddle and a focal point. Cis then determined as a function of the strain and rotation parameters to satisfy the realizability. The turbulence model is �rst applied to a 2Dow around a square cylinder and the model performance for unsteadyows is examined focussing on the period and the amplitude of theow oscillation induced by Karman vortex shedding. The applicability of the model to 3Dows is examined through the computation of theow around a surface-mounted cubic obstacle. The numerical results show that the present model performs satisfactorily to reproduce complex turbulentows around blubodies. Copyright ? 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
122 citations
"Three-Dimensional Simulation of Flo..." refers methods in this paper
...With this increasing interest in nonlinear turbulence models, Kimura and Hosoda [7] proposed a cubic nonlinear k e model by accounting for the effect of anisotropy....
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...In the present study, coefficients proposed by Kimura and Hosoda [7] for bluff-body flows are used, and they are given as a1 ¼ ðC3 C1Þ 4:0 a2 ¼ ðC1 þ C2 þ C3Þ 4:0 a3 ¼ ðC2 C1 C3Þ 4:0 a4 ¼ 0:02 fMðMÞ a5 ¼ 0 a6 ¼ 0 a7 ¼ 0 where C1 ¼ 0:4 fMðMÞ; C2 ¼ 0; C3 ¼ 0:13 fMðMÞ, and fMðMÞ ¼ ð1þ 0:01M2Þ 1, with M ¼ maxðS;XÞ S ¼ k e ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 1 2 qUi qxj þ qUj qxi 2s X ¼ k e ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 1 2 qUi qxj qUj qxi 2s S is the strain parameter and X is the rotation parameter....
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...In the present study, coefficients proposed by Kimura and Hosoda [7] for bluff-body flows are used, and they are given as...
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01 Jan 1993
101 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used two groups of turbulence models in a sub-critical flow regime: the non-linear k-e model with extended models, such as renormalization group (RNG) and the anisotropic model, and the large eddy simulation (LES) method, which is based on a standard sub-grid scale model with a near-wall approach.
Abstract: The numerical simulation of transitional flow around a two-dimensional stationary circular cylinder is presented using two groups of turbulence models in a sub-critical flow regime. In the first group, enhanced two-equation turbulence models based on the eddy viscosity concept are used. They include the non-linear k–e model with extended models, such as renormalization group (RNG) and the anisotropic model. In the second group, flow simulation is carried out using the large eddy simulation (LES) method, which is based on a standard sub-grid scale (SGS) model with a near-wall approach. This near-wall model, without using the ‘law of wall’, is achieved in a finite element code. The numerical results extracted from these simulations are compared with each other and with the experimental data in order to determine the relative performance of these turbulence models and to find the best model for the flow of interest. Although most of the LES simulations have been previously carried out using finite volume methods, results from using the present model show that the finite element method (FEM) can also be used with confidence. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
95 citations
01 Aug 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effects of different solidities on the flow in the near wake region of a circular cylinder in a uniform flow in a Reynolds number range 25 103 approx < Re approx < 18 104 with permeable splitter plates spanning the wake center plane.
Abstract: : Measurements in the near wake region of a circular cylinder in a uniform flow in the Reynolds number range 25 103 approx < Re approx < 18 104 With permeable splitter plates spanning the wake center plane are presented Permeability is defined by the pressure drop across the plates, and the relationship between permeability and plate solidity is determined for a set of plates constructed from woven wire mesh, permitting unambiguous characterization of the splitter plates by the solidity The effects of different solidities on the flow in the near wake are investigated using smoke wire flow visualization, hot-wire anemometry, and measurements of the mean pressure at the cylinder surface, and the results are related to cylinder flow without a splitter plate Flow visualization results demonstrate that the introduction of low solidity splitter plates does not change the basic near wake structure, and that sufficiently high solidity uncouples the large-scale wake instability from the body, with the primary vortex formation occurring downstream of the separation bubble due to instability of the wake profile Hot-wire and surface pressure measurements confirm and quantify the flow visualization results, showing that the permeable splitter plates reduce the drag and modify the primary wake frequency When the solidity is high enough that the wake is convectively unstable, the base pressure is independent of the Reynolds number and solidity For a wide range of solidities, the same asymptotic value of the Strouhal number is reached at high Reynolds numbers The relationship between the Strouhal number and the base pressure is discussed
59 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors simulated a steady incident flow past a circular cylinder for sub- to supercritical Reynolds number using nonlinear eddy-viscosity modelling assuming two-dimensional flow, and the model of Craft et al. (Int. J. Fluid Flow 17 (1996) 108), with adjustment of the coefficients of the ‘cubic’ terms, predicts the onset of turbulence upstream of separation and associated changes in Strouhal number and separation positions.
Abstract: Steady incident flow past a circular cylinder for sub- to supercritical Reynolds number has been simulated as an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equation problem using nonlinear eddy-viscosity modelling assuming two-dimensional flow. The model of Craft et al. (Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 17 (1996) 108), with adjustment of the coefficients of the ‘cubic’ terms, predicts the drag crisis at a Reynolds number of about 2×105 due to the onset of turbulence upstream of separation and associated changes in Strouhal number and separation positions. Slightly above this value, at critical Reynolds numbers, drag is overestimated because attached separation bubbles are not simulated. These do not occur at supercritical Reynolds numbers and drag coefficient, Strouhal number and separation positions are in approximate agreement with experimental measurements (which show considerable scatter). Fluctuating lift predictions are similar to sectional values measured experimentally for subcritical Reynolds numbers but corresponding measurements have not been made at supercritical Reynolds numbers. For oscillatory ambient flow, in-line forces, as defined by drag and inertia coefficients, have been compared with the experimental values of Sarpkaya (J. Fluid Mech. 165 (1986) 61) for values of the frequency parameter, β=D2/νT, equal to 1035 and 11240 and Keulegan–Carpenter numbers, KC=U0T/D, between 0.2 and 15 (D is cylinder diameter, ν is kinematic viscosity, T is oscillation period, and U0 is the amplitude of oscillating velocity). Variations with KC are qualitatively reproduced and magnitudes show best agreement when there is separation with a large-scale wake, for which the turbulence model is intended. Lift coefficients, frequency and transverse vortex shedding patterns for β=1035 are consistent with available experimental information for β≈250−500. For β=11240, it is predicted that separation is delayed due to more prominent turbulence effects, reducing drag and lift coefficients and causing the wake to be more in line with the flow direction than transverse to it. While these oscillatory flows are highly complex, attached separation bubbles are unlikely and the flows probably two dimensional.
48 citations
"Three-Dimensional Simulation of Flo..." refers methods in this paper
...[5] simulated the twodimensional flow past a circular cylinder using a nonlinear eddy viscosity model and tested the mean drag coefficient (Cd,mean), root-mean-square (rms) lift coefficient (Cl,rms), and Strouhal number value (St 1⁄4 fD=U1) for the range of Reynolds numbers from subcritical laminar separation to supercritical turbulent separation....
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