Three-Phase Single-Stage-Isolated Cuk-Based PFC Converter
TL;DR: The proposed three-phase-isolated Cuk-based power factor correction (PFC) converter is operated in discontinuous output inductor current mode to achieve PFC at ac input to avoid the inner current control loop which further eliminates the sensing of current.
Abstract: In this paper, analysis and design of a three-phase-isolated Cuk-based power factor correction (PFC) converter have been proposed. The proposed converter is operated in discontinuous output inductor current mode to achieve PFC at ac input. This avoids the inner current control loop which further eliminates the sensing of current. This makes the system more reliable and robust. The converter requires only one simple voltage control loop for output voltage regulation, and all the power switches are driven by the same gate signal which simplifies the gate driver circuit. The detailed operation of the converter and design calculations are presented. And also a small-signal model of the converter by using current injected equivalent circuit approach is presented to aid the controller design. The experimental results from a 2-kW laboratory prototype with 208-V line-to-line input voltage, 400-V output voltage are presented to confirm the operation of the proposed converter. An input power factor of 0.999, an input current total harmonic distortion of as low as 4.06%, and a high conversion efficiency of 95.1% are achieved from laboratory prototype.
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01 Jun 2021
TL;DR: This article performs a comprehensive review of DCFC stations with energy storage, including motivation, architectures, power electronic converters, and detailed simulation analysis for various charging scenarios.
Abstract: Electric vehicle (EV) adoption continues to rise, yet EV sales still represent a small portion of vehicle sales in most countries. An expansion of the dc fast-charging (DCFC) network is likely to accelerate this revolution toward sustainable transportation, giving drivers more flexible options for charging on longer trips. However, DCFC presents a large load on the grid, which can lead to costly grid reinforcements and high monthly operating costs—adding energy storage to the DCFC station can help mitigate these challenges. This article performs a comprehensive review of DCFC stations with energy storage, including motivation, architectures, power electronic converters, and detailed simulation analysis for various charging scenarios. The review is closely tied to current state-of-the-art technologies and covers both academic research contributions and real energy storage projects in operation around the world.
110 citations
Cites background or methods from "Three-Phase Single-Stage-Isolated C..."
...[90] described a three-phase matrix-type dual-active-bridge (DAB) buck–boost isolated PFC rectifier...
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...[90] presented a three-phase isolated Cuk-based PFC rectifier that uses three single-phase isolated Cuk converters, as shown in Fig....
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TL;DR: In this article, a buckboost-type, unity-power-factor, isolated matrix type, dual-active-bridge, three-phase rectifier is proposed and comprehensively analyzed, deriving closed form solutions and numerical optimization problems to calculate switching times that achieve minimal conduction losses.
Abstract: Three-phase power factor correction rectifiers are an essential area of power electronics, supplying a direct current load with tens of kilowatts, or more, from the public three-phase mains and achieving sinusoidal input currents. In many applications, isolation is required between the mains and the load, for example, due to safety reasons or different grounding schemes. This paper describes the modulation, design, and realization of a buck–boost-type, unity-power-factor, isolated matrix-type, dual-active-bridge, three-phase rectifier. It uses a circuit similar to a conventional dual-active-bridge converter, but employs a direct matrix converter to connect the high-frequency transformer's primary winding to the mains. A soft-switching modulation scheme is proposed and comprehensively analyzed, deriving closed-form solutions and numerical optimization problems to calculate switching times that achieve minimal conduction losses. Based on this analysis, the design of an 8-kW 400-V rms three-phase ac to 400-V dc prototype is discussed, striving for the highest possible efficiency. Using 900-V SiC mosfet s and a transformer with an integrated inductor, a power density of ${\text{4}}\; {\text{kW}\cdot \text{dm}^{-3}}$ ( ${\text{66}}\; {\text{W}\cdot \text{in}^{-3}}$ ) is achieved. Measurement results confirm an ultrahigh full-power efficiency of 99.0% at nominal operating conditions and 98.7% at 10% lower input voltage.
63 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an isolated active-clamped single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) power factor correction (PFC) converter based on SiC devices is presented.
Abstract: An isolated active-clamped single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) power factor correction (PFC) converter based on SiC devices is presented. The impact of the resonant inductance on the switch voltage stress and range of zero-voltage switching is analyzed. Analytical expressions for the operating points of the switches over the line cycle are derived and used to evaluate the switching loss. Resonant inductance and snubber capacitance are chosen based on the analysis to reduce the switching loss without overstress of the switches. Lossless diode clamp circuits are designed for the output diode so that the peak voltage and extra losses due to device parasitics-induced oscillation are significantly reduced. The analysis is validated with a 2-kW single-phase PFC rectifier module with a peak efficiency of 96.56% at the 200-kHz switching frequency, total harmonic distortion (THD) < 2%, and power density of 58 W/in3.
19 citations
TL;DR: A design methodology is proposed, which ensures zero-voltage switching of the bottom and the middle switches of the nine-switch converter for the entire line cycle and also reduces its input current total harmonic distortion below 5% by implementing space vector pulsewidth modulation.
Abstract: The nine-switch single-stage three-phase ac-dc isolated converter integrates a three-phase active front-end ac-dc converter and a three-phase high-frequency galvanically isolated dc-dc converter in one stage, leading to a device count reduction of 25% compared to an equivalent two-stage configuration. The advantage of the nine-switch converter can be truly realized if it can achieve similar efficiency and input current quality as a two-stage converter. In this article, a design methodology is proposed, which ensures zero-voltage switching of the bottom and the middle switches of the nine-switch converter for the entire line cycle and also reduces its input current total harmonic distortion below 5%. By implementing space vector pulsewidth modulation, the dc-link voltage of the nine-switch converter is reduced to the level of an equivalent two-stage converter. The analytical claims are verified with a 3-kW laboratory prototype operating at 400-V ac input, 800-V dc-link voltage, and 380-V isolated dc output voltage.
16 citations
10 Oct 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, a phase-modular three-phase single-stage rectifier based on LLC resonant converter is proposed to provide power factor correction, output voltage regulation, and electrical isolation.
Abstract: This paper proposes a new phase-modular three-phase single-stage rectifier based on the LLC resonant converter. The proposed rectifier provides power factor correction, output voltage regulation, and electrical isolation in a single-stage modular-designed approach. The proposed rectifier has minimal switching loss due to the ZVS and ZCS operations of all the switches and diodes. Moreover, the proposed AC-DC converter does not use any bulky passive components and hence is suitable for high power density applications that also require high power conversion efficiency. Design notes and specifications of a single module are provided in this paper. Computer simulation results verified the unity PFC performance and output voltage regulation using a small output capacitance without any low-frequency ripple. Furthermore, the feasibility of the proposed rectifier is validated by the experimental results of a digitally implemented GaN-based laboratory prototype.
9 citations
References
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TL;DR: This paper presents an exhaustive review of three-phase improved power quality AC-DC converters configurations, control strategies, selection of components, comparative factors, recent trends, their suitability, and selection for specific applications.
Abstract: Solid-state switch-mode rectification converters have reached a matured level for improving power quality in terms of power-factor correction (PFC), reduced total harmonic distortion at input AC mains and precisely regulated DC output in buck, boost, buck-boost and multilevel modes with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow. This paper deals with a comprehensive review of improved power quality converters (IPQCs) configurations, control approaches, design features, selection of components, other related considerations, and their suitability and selection for specific applications. It is targeted to provide a wide spectrum on the status of IPQC technology to researchers, designers and application engineers working on switched-mode AC-DC converters. A classified list of more than 450 research publications on the state of art of IPQC is also given for a quick reference.
1,691 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three-phase power factor correction (PFC) rectifier topologies with sinusoidal input currents and controlled output voltage are derived from known single-phase PFC rectifier systems and/or passive 3-phase diode rectifiers, and their functionality and basic control concepts are briefly described.
Abstract: In the first part of this paper, three-phase power factor correction (PFC) rectifier topologies with sinusoidal input currents and controlled output voltage are derived from known single-phase PFC rectifier systems and/or passive three-phase diode rectifiers. The systems are classified into hybrid and fully active pulsewidth modulation boost-type or buck-type rectifiers, and their functionality and basic control concepts are briefly described. This facilitates the understanding of the operating principle of three-phase PFC rectifiers starting from single-phase systems, and organizes and completes the knowledge base with a new hybrid three-phase buck-type PFC rectifier topology denominated as Swiss Rectifier. Finally, core topics of future research on three-phase PFC rectifier systems are discussed, such as the analysis of novel hybrid buck-type PFC rectifier topologies, the direct input current control of buck-type systems, and the multi-objective optimization of PFC rectifier systems. The second part of this paper is dedicated to a comparative evaluation of four rectifier systems offering a high potential for industrial applications based on simple and demonstrative performance metrics concerning the semiconductor stresses, the loading and volume of the main passive components, the differential mode and common mode electromagnetic interference noise level, and ultimately the achievable converter efficiency and power density. The results are substantiated with selected examples of hardware prototypes that are optimized for efficiency and/or power density.
679 citations
TL;DR: This paper analyzes the operation of both power converters as DCM-PFP using a small-signal model to aid the control loop design and results are presented that are in agreement with the theoretical analysis and complement the work.
Abstract: Sepic and Cuk power converters working as power factor preregulators (PFP) in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) present the following desirable characteristics for a PFP: (1) the power converter works as a voltage follower (no current loop is needed); (2) the theoretical power factor is unity; and (3) the input current ripple is defined at the design stage. Besides, input-output galvanic isolation is easily obtained. This paper analyzes the operation of both power converters as DCM-PFP. Design equations are derived, as well as a small-signal model to aid the control loop design. Both simulation and experimental results are presented that are in agreement with the theoretical analysis and complement the work.
371 citations
"Three-Phase Single-Stage-Isolated C..." refers background in this paper
...The average output current of each module is equal to the average output diode current [30] of the corresponding phase as follows:...
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..., the input current naturally follows the input voltage [26]–[30]....
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...From (35) and (37), the critical value of ka (ka,crit) to operate at DCM [30] can be found as...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a broad perspective on multipulse converter technology to the researchers, engineers, and designers dealing with them, and a classified list of more than 250 research publications on the subject is also given for quick reference.
Abstract: Three-phase multipulse AC-DC converters (MPC) are developed for improving power quality to reduce harmonics in AC mains and ripples in DC output. This paper deals with the multipulse AC-DC converter configurations, state of art, their performance, power quality aspects, components selection considerations, latest trends, future developments, and potential applications. It is targeted to provide broad perspective on multipulse converter technology to the researchers, engineers, and designers dealing with them. A classified list of more than 250 research publications on the subject is also given for quick reference.
361 citations
TL;DR: Progress in topology, control, and design aspects in three-phase power-factor correction (PFC) techniques are reviewed and Representative soft-switching schemes, including zero-voltage and zero-current switched pulsewidth modulated (PWM) techniques, are investigated.
Abstract: This paper reviews progress in topology, control, and design aspects in three-phase power-factor correction (PFC) techniques. Different switching rectifier topologies are presented for various applications. Representative soft-switching schemes, including zero-voltage and zero-current switched pulsewidth modulated (PWM) techniques, are investigated. Merits and limitations of these techniques are discussed and illustrated by experimental results obtained on prototype converters. Control and input filter design issues are also discussed.
230 citations