Through Ageing, and Beyond: Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Status in Seniors and Centenarians
Elena Biagi,Lotta Nylund,Lotta Nylund,Marco Candela,Rita Ostan,Laura Bucci,Elisa Pini,Janne Nikkilä,Daniela Monti,Reetta Satokari,Claudio Franceschi,Patrizia Brigidi,Willem M. de Vos,Willem M. de Vos +13 more
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TLDR
Evidence is provided for the fact that the ageing process deeply affects the structure of the human gut microbiota, as well as its homeostasis with the host's immune system, because of its crucial role in the host physiology and health status.Abstract:
Background: Age-related physiological changes in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as modifications in lifestyle, nutritional behaviour, and functionality of the host immune system, inevitably affect the gut microbiota, resulting in a greater susceptibility to infections. Methodology/Principal Findings: By using the Human Intestinal Tract Chip (HITChip) and quantitative PCR of 16S rRNA genes of Bacteria and Archaea, we explored the age-related differences in the gut microbiota composition among young adults, elderly, and centenarians, i.e subjects who reached the extreme limits of the human lifespan, living for over 100 years. We observed that the microbial composition and diversity of the gut ecosystem of young adults and seventy-years old people is highly similar but differs significantly from that of the centenarians. After 100 years of symbiotic association with the human host, the microbiota is characterized by a rearrangement in the Firmicutes population and an enrichment in facultative anaerobes, notably pathobionts. The presence of such a compromised microbiota in the centenarians is associated with an increased inflammatory status, also known as inflammageing, as determined by a range of peripheral blood inflammatory markers. This may be explained by a remodelling of the centenarians’ microbiota, with a marked decrease in Faecalibacterium prauznitzii and relatives, symbiotic species with reported anti-inflammatory properties. As signature bacteria of the long life we identified specifically Eubacterium limosum and relatives that were more than ten-fold increased in the centenarians. Conclusions/Significance: We provide evidence for the fact that the ageing process deeply affects the structure of the human gut microbiota, as well as its homeostasis with the host’s immune system. Because of its crucial role in the host physiology and health status, age-related differences in the gut microbiota composition may be related to the progression of diseases and frailty in the elderly population.read more
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Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome
Manimozhiyan Arumugam,Jeroen Raes,Eric Pelletier,Denis Le Paslier,Takuji Yamada,Daniel R. Mende,Gabriel Fernandes,Julien Tap,Thomas Brüls,Jean-Michel Batto,Marcelo Bertalan,Natalia Borruel,Francesc Casellas,Leyden Fernández,Laurent Gautier,Torben Hansen,Masahira Hattori,Tetsuya Hayashi,Michiel Kleerebezem,Ken Kurokawa,Marion Leclerc,Florence Levenez,Chaysavanh Manichanh,H. Bjørn Nielsen,Trine Nielsen,Nicolas Pons,Julie Poulain,Junjie Qin,Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén,Sebastian Tims,David Torrents,Edgardo Ugarte,Erwin G. Zoetendal,Jun Wang,Francisco Guarner,Oluf Pedersen,Willem M. de Vos,Søren Brunak,Joël Doré,Jean Weissenbach,S. Dusko Ehrlich,Peer Bork +41 more
TL;DR: Three robust clusters (referred to as enterotypes hereafter) are identified that are not nation or continent specific and confirmed in two published, larger cohorts, indicating that intestinal microbiota variation is generally stratified, not continuous.
Journal ArticleDOI
A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
Junjie Qin,Yingrui Li,Zhiming Cai,Shenghui Li,Jianfeng Zhu,Fan Zhang,Suisha Liang,Wenwei Zhang,Yuanlin Guan,Dongqian Shen,Yangqing Peng,Dongya Zhang,Zhuye Jie,Wenxian Wu,Youwen Qin,Wenbin Xue,Junhua Li,Lingchuan Han,Donghui Lu,Peixian Wu,Yali Dai,Xiaojuan Sun,Zesong Li,Aifa Tang,Shilong Zhong,Xiaoping Li,Weineng Chen,Ran Xu,Mingbang Wang,Qiang Feng,Meihua Gong,Jing Yu,Yanyan Zhang,Ming Zhang,Torben Hansen,Gaston Sanchez,Jeroen Raes,Gwen Falony,Shujiro Okuda,Mathieu Almeida,Emmanuelle Le-chatelier,Pierre Renault,Nicolas Pons,Jean-Michel Batto,Zhaoxi Zhang,Hua Chen,Ruifu Yang,Wei-Mou Zheng,Songgang Li,Huanming Yang,Jian Wang,S. Dusko Ehrlich,Rasmus Nielsen,Oluf Pedersen,Oluf Pedersen,Karsten Kristiansen,Jun Wang +56 more
TL;DR: MGWAS analysis showed that patients with type 2 diabetes were characterized by a moderate degree of gut microbial dysbiosis, a decrease in the abundance of some universal butyrate-producing bacteria and an increase in various opportunistic pathogens, as well as an enrichment of other microbial functions conferring sulphate reduction and oxidative stress resistance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota
Catherine A. Lozupone,Jesse Stombaugh,Jeffrey I. Gordon,Janet K. Jansson,Rob Knight,Rob Knight +5 more
TL;DR: Viewing the microbiota from an ecological perspective could provide insight into how to promote health by targeting this microbial community in clinical treatments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly
Marcus J. Claesson,Ian B. Jeffery,Susana Conde,Susan E. Power,Eibhlís M. O'Connor,Siobhán Cusack,Hugh M. B. Harris,M. Coakley,Bhuvaneswari Lakshminarayanan,Orla O'Sullivan,Gerald F. Fitzgerald,Jennifer Deane,Michael O'Connor,Norma Harnedy,Kieran O'Connor,Denis O'Mahony,Denis O'Mahony,Douwe van Sinderen,Martina Wallace,Lorraine Brennan,Catherine Stanton,Catherine Stanton,Julian R. Marchesi,Anthony P. Fitzgerald,Fergus Shanahan,Colin Hill,R. Paul Ross,R. Paul Ross,Paul W. O'Toole +28 more
TL;DR: The data support a relationship between diet, microbiota and health status, and indicate a role for diet-driven microbiota alterations in varying rates of health decline upon ageing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control
Fredrik Karlsson,Valentina Tremaroli,Intawat Nookaew,Göran Bergström,Carl Johan Behre,Björn Fagerberg,Jens Nielsen,Fredrik Bäckhed,Fredrik Bäckhed +8 more
TL;DR: This work uses shotgun sequencing to characterize the faecal metagenome of 145 European women with normal, impaired or diabetic glucose control, and develops a mathematical model based on metagenomic profiles that identified T2D with high accuracy.
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