Throughput efficiency in body sensor networks
TL;DR: The numerical results show that the proposed role-based architecture outperforms the traditional layered architecture with respect to the throughput efficiency for all error control schemes.
Abstract: Highlights? We develop a flexible role-based architecture for Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) ? We analyze the performance of Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), Forward Error Correction (FEC) block codes and FEC convolutional codes with respect to the throughput efficiency for a Body Sensor Network (BSN) following the proposed role-based architecture ? The proposed role-based architecture outperforms the traditional layered architecture with respect to the throughput efficiency for all error control schemes ? FEC block codes are able to maintain a high throughput efficiency over longer distances In this paper, a flexible role-based architecture for Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) is introduced The proposed non-layered context-aware architecture is application-oriented and able to incorporate future applications Particular applications have certain requirements Functional units (roles) instead of protocol layers are designed to perform the required tasks for applications to work properly The role data of an application is inserted in the role headers of the container and is available for other applications with the same basic, specific or particular roles Furthermore, the performance of Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), Forward Error Correction (FEC) block codes and FEC convolutional codes with respect to the throughput efficiency has also been analyzed for a BSN following the proposed role-based architecture The numerical results show that the proposed role-based architecture outperforms the traditional layered architecture with respect to the throughput efficiency for all error control schemes FEC block codes are able to maintain a high throughput efficiency over longer distances because the hop length extension technique is applied
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TL;DR: A new protocol especially developed to address smart homes for assisted living, named as wellness sensor networks is reported, used in an old home built in 1938, which was converted into a smart home with the use of sensing technologies.
Abstract: In recent times, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become the backbone of many systems. Smart homes based on WSN protocols are used to provide an assisted living environment to humans. The currently reported smart home systems based on generalized WSN protocols suffer from complexity, large data handling, and data transmission delay. This paper has reported a new protocol especially developed to address smart homes for assisted living. The whole purpose of a smart home is to provide a safe environment for the well-being of its inhabitants. Ergo, the protocol is named as wellness sensor networks. The developed protocol has been used in an old home built in 1938, which was converted into a smart home with the use of sensing technologies.
92 citations
TL;DR: It will be concluded that cost-effective solutions are available for development of smart care space monitoring and examples of their use are provided.
Abstract: Society is experiencing an ageing demographic, coupled with increasingly prevalent Alzheimer and Dementia conditions, expected to cause explosive increases in healthcare costs. There is a need to develop pervasive technologies that allow monitoring of patients at home, where medically permissible, to reduce pressures on formal healthcare spaces. Those 'smart care spaces' require use of sensors and intelligent computer systems to support the needs of the cared–for, carers and medical personnel. In so doing they can ensure quality–of–life through comfort and adequate medical–monitoring, as well as providing significant data for ongoing medical evaluation and diagnosis. This requires two main elements of sensing: sensors to monitor the care environment and patient–mounted sensors to monitor physiological parameters. Therefore, this paper considers technological options available for such monitoring and provides examples of their use. It will be concluded that cost-effective solutions are available for development of smart care space monitoring.
22 citations
Cites background from "Throughput efficiency in body senso..."
...For instance, Duchêne et al. (2007) describe methods of learning recurrent behaviour from multivariate medical time-series data, to build behavioural profiles of peoples’ day-to-day activities. Virone (2009) extended on general activity-determined behavioural analysis to specifically consider older generations....
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...Obviously, as all humans are contextually different, such systems should be contextually aware in order for their data to be properly interpreted (Domingo, 2012). Many examples of patient-mounted systems have been reported in the literature: for example, Pandian et al. (2008) reported on their ECG inclusive ‘smart-vest’ for physiological monitoring....
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...Obviously, as all humans are contextually different, such systems should be contextually aware in order for their data to be properly interpreted (Domingo, 2012). Many examples of patient-mounted systems have been reported in the literature: for example, Pandian et al. (2008) reported on their ECG inclusive ‘smart-vest’ for physiological monitoring. Rodrigues et al. (2011) also devised a body sensor network system, but interestingly providing biofeedback visualisation, which may be of use in aiding patients to better cope with their conditions....
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...Obviously, as all humans are contextually different, such systems should be contextually aware in order for their data to be properly interpreted (Domingo, 2012)....
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...For instance, Duchêne et al. (2007) describe methods of learning recurrent behaviour from multivariate medical time-series data, to build behavioural profiles of peoples’ day-to-day activities....
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TL;DR: The main objective of this paper is to provide a better understanding of different packet size optimization approaches used in different types of sensor networks and applications as well as introduce open research issues and challenges in this area.
16 citations
01 Mar 2015
TL;DR: This chapter will review different applications and consequently the requirements for different sensors and sensing technologies used in intelligent environment with a special emphasis on smart homes.
Abstract: Sensors are fundamental components for making any environment intelligent. Depending on the applications, different sensors are required to implement specific objectives. This chapter will review different applications and consequently the requirements for different sensors and sensing technologies used in intelligent environment with a special emphasis on smart homes.
14 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of the BER performance and maximum allowable data-throughput of equally correlated pulse position modulation (EC-PPM) scheme of the proposed receive nodes for on-body WBANs in the presence of timing-jitter finds the proposed low-power receive nodes a good candidate for reliable transmission of high data-rate medical data over WBANS.
Abstract: Recently, we have proposed using sensor nodes with rectangular template-based correlator detectors for ultra wideband (UWB) wireless body area networks (WBANs). Typically, correlator-based receive nodes have the potential for providing high data-throughput, however, they require high power consumption. On the other hand, rectangular template-based receivers are low-power alternatives that provide a bit-error-rate (BER) performance that approaches the performance of optimal detectors. This paper investigates the BER performance and maximum allowable data-throughput of equally correlated pulse position modulation (EC-PPM) scheme of the proposed receive nodes for on-body WBANs in the presence of timing-jitter. We derive closed forms for the BER performance, and provide numerical results based on theoretical analysis, Monte Carlo simulations in the industrially accepted on-body UWB IEEE 802.15.6a channel model, as well as actual on-body measurements. Numerical results show that the maximum signal-to-...
3 citations
Cites background from "Throughput efficiency in body senso..."
...[1] Typically, BAN applications include medical, consumer electronics and personal entertainment, and cover transmission ranges that span from few centimeters up to four meters.[2] Typical data-rate requirements for common medical sensing devices range from few tens of bits per second (bps) up to few tens of mega bits per second (Mbps)....
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References
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TL;DR: It is shown that cross-layer design of these protocols is imperative to meet emerging application requirements, particularly when energy is a limited resource.
Abstract: Ad hoc wireless networks enable new and exciting applications, but also pose significant technical challenges. In this article we give a brief overview of ad hoc wireless networks and their applications with a particular emphasis on energy constraints. We then discuss advances in the link, multiple access, network, and application protocols for these networks. We show that cross-layer design of these protocols is imperative to meet emerging application requirements, particularly when energy is a limited resource.
1,057 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art for vehicle ad hoc networks, namely, safety and user applications, and suggestions for a general architecture that can form the basis for a practical VANET.
Abstract: This article presents a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art for vehicle ad hoc networks. We start by reviewing the possible applications that can be used in VANETs, namely, safety and user applications, and by identifying their requirements. Then, we classify the solutions proposed in the literature according to their location in the open system interconnection reference model and their relationship to safety or user applications. We analyze their advantages and shortcomings and provide our suggestions for a better approach. We also describe the different methods used to simulate and evaluate the proposed solutions. Finally, we conclude with suggestions for a general architecture that can form the basis for a practical VANET.
668 citations
TL;DR: The goal of this paper is to review the works that were published in journals, suggest a new classification framework of context-aware systems, and explore each feature of classification framework using a keyword index and article title search.
Abstract: Nowadays, numerous journals and conferences have published articles related to context-aware systems, indicating many researchers' interest. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to review the works that were published in journals, suggest a new classification framework of context-aware systems, and explore each feature of classification framework. This paper is based on a literature review of context-aware systems from 2000 to 2007 using a keyword index and article title search. The classification framework is developed based on the architecture of context-aware systems, which consists of the following five layers: concept and research layer, network layer, middleware layer, application layer and user infrastructure layer. The articles are categorized based on the classification framework. This paper allows researchers to extract several lessons learned that are important for the implementation of context-aware systems.
624 citations
TL;DR: Two important data security issues are looked into: secure and dependable distributed data storage, and fine-grained distributed data access control for sensitive and private patient medical data.
Abstract: The wireless body area network has emerged as a new technology for e-healthcare that allows the data of a patient's vital body parameters and movements to be collected by small wearable or implantable sensors and communicated using short-range wireless communication techniques. WBAN has shown great potential in improving healthcare quality, and thus has found a wide range of applications from ubiquitous health monitoring and computer assisted rehabilitation to emergency medical response systems. The security and privacy protection of the data collected from a WBAN, either while stored inside the WBAN or during their transmission outside of the WBAN, is a major unsolved concern, with challenges coming from stringent resource constraints of WBAN devices, and the high demand for both security/privacy and practicality/usability. In this article we look into two important data security issues: secure and dependable distributed data storage, and fine-grained distributed data access control for sensitive and private patient medical data. We discuss various practical issues that need to be taken into account while fulfilling the security and privacy requirements. Relevant solutions in sensor networks and WBANs are surveyed, and their applicability is analyzed.
579 citations
01 Nov 2009
TL;DR: This paper presents the results of a pilot study to assess the feasibility of using accelerometer data to estimate the severity of symptoms and motor complications in patients with Parkinson's disease, and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was implemented to estimateThe severity of tremor, bradykinesia and dyskinesian symptoms from accelerometers data features.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a pilot study to assess the feasibility of using accelerometer data to estimate the severity of symptoms and motor complications in patients with Parkinson's disease. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was implemented to estimate the severity of tremor, bradykinesia and dyskinesia from accelerometer data features. SVM-based estimates were compared with clinical scores derived via visual inspection of video recordings taken while patients performed a series of standardized motor tasks. The analysis of the video recordings was performed by clinicians trained in the use of scales for the assessment of the severity of Parkinsonian symptoms and motor complications. Results derived from the accelerometer time series were analyzed to assess the effect on the estimation of clinical scores of the duration of the window utilized to derive segments (to eventually compute data features) from the accelerometer data, the use of different SVM kernels and misclassification cost values, and the use of data features derived from different motor tasks. Results were also analyzed to assess which combinations of data features carried enough information to reliably assess the severity of symptoms and motor complications. Combinations of data features were compared taking into consideration the computational cost associated with estimating each data feature on the nodes of a body sensor network and the effect of using such data features on the reliability of SVM-based estimates of the severity of Parkinsonian symptoms and motor complications.
563 citations