TL;DR: This paper studies the downlink capacity of edge users in a cellular network and sees whether base station cooperation improves the spectral efficiency, and proposes Selective Cooperation, where the selection criteria is based on throughput.
Abstract: Cooperative transmission schemes are used in wireless networks to improve the spectral efficiency. In a multi-cell environment, inter-cell interference degrades the performance of wireless systems. In this paper, we study the downlink capacity of edge users in a cellular network and see whether base station cooperation improves the spectral efficiency. The base-stations coordinate their transmission to the two cell-edge users in order to improve their Signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) and throughput. Selective Cooperation, where the selection criteria is based on throughput, is proposed. The capacity achieved through Cooperation is shared equally among the cell-edge users. Results show that, the proposed hybrid scheme, provides a better result compared to full-time cooperation. Finally, an example from UMTS is presented.
TL;DR: In this article, a generalized canonical correlation analysis (GCCA)-based method was proposed to recover the cell-edge user signal subspace even at low received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Abstract: Improving the uplink quality of service for users located around the boundaries between cells is a key challenge in LTE systems. Relying on power control, existing approaches throttle the rates of cell-center users, while multi-user detection requires accurate channel estimates for the cell-edge users, which is another challenge due to their low received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Utilizing the fact that cell-edge user signals are weak but common (received at roughly equal power) at different base stations (BSs), this paper establishes a connection between cell-edge user detection and generalized canonical correlation analysis (GCCA). It puts forth a GCCA-based method that leverages selective BS cooperation to recover the cell-edge user signal subspace even at low SNR. The cell-edge user signals can then be extracted from the resulting mixture via algebraic signal processing techniques. The paper includes theoretical analysis showing why GCCA recovers the correct subspace containing the cell-edge user signals under mild conditions. The proposed method can also identify the number of cell-edge users in the system, i.e., the common subspace dimension. Simulations reveal significant performance improvement relative to various multiuser detection techniques. Cell-edge detection performance is further studied as a function of how many / which BSs are selected, and it is shown that using the closest three BS is always the best choice.
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of multipath on the statistical cell-edge user service quality is investigated for mm-wave multi-user communication systems, where the focus is given on setting the user spacing constraints and the transmit array topology via thinning, which can be used to enhance wireless security or decrease analog/digital complexity.
Abstract: The effects of multipath on the statistical cell-edge user service quality is for the first time investigated for mm-wave multi-user communication systems. The focus is given on setting the user spacing constraints and the transmit array topology via thinning, which can be used to enhance wireless security or decrease analog/digital complexity. A hybrid line-of-sight/non-line-of-sight channel is created by using a statistical model following the communication standards. The multipath signal components are included in the model by using non-coherent or coherent modes of operation. It is shown in simulation that selection, by the medium access control layer, of large angular spacings between the simultaneously served users and application of antenna array thinning at the array edges improves the system performance.
TL;DR: In the authors' simulations, multi-flow transmission outperforms selection diversity by at most $52\% and $30\% in terms of the average total utility for max-min throughput and proportional fairness, respectively.
Abstract: We investigate a scheme called multi-flow transmission, which extends selection diversity. Unlike selection diversity, a user receives/transmits distinct information from/to multiple base stations. We allow different amounts of information to be transmitted by/to different base stations. Moreover, we consider MIMO channels. As examples, we consider max-min throughput and proportional fairness for the utility functions. For the MIMO transmissions, we consider capacity-achieving scheme and beamforming. We compare the total utility for both multi-flow transmission and selection diversity. Multi-flow transmission provides an upper bound on the total utility for selection diversity. In our simulations, multi-flow transmission outperforms selection diversity by at most $52\%$ and $30\%$ in terms of the average total utility for max-min throughput and proportional fairness, respectively.
TL;DR: A simplified mathematical model is developed to test the efficiency of service indicators provided in wireless networks and shows that the principle of competition between mobile data service operators is currently based on the volume of data traffic.
Abstract: As a result of the growth of data traffic, it is natural that until we reach 2030, the use of wireless data will increase three times more than the use of wired data, and as a result of this, the use of data services in mobile phones is also expected to increase by almost the same percentage. In 2030, the speed of data transmission in mobile phones may increase to ten times a megabyte per second than the speed of data transmission currently, and also special attention must be given to the share of visual and audio data in terms of data transmission speed when used on a mobile phone, where visual data will represent about 85% of data traffic in mobile phones. In fact, the principle of competition between mobile data service operators is currently based on the volume of data traffic, so we developed a simplified mathematical model to test the efficiency of service indicators provided in wireless networks.
TL;DR: In this article, an efficient proportional fair (PF) schedullng algorithm for OFDMA based cooperative cellular networks is proposed, where a PF metric maximization problem is first formulated and then a two-step algorithm is proposed to solve the problem.
Abstract: Multi-cell cooperative transmission schemes are considered as promising candidates in future 4G wireless networks (LTE-Advanced) to combat the inter-cell interference that degrades the cell-edge throughput performance. An efficient proportional fair (PF) schedullng algorithm for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based cooperative cellular networks is proposed. A PF metric maximization problem is first formulated. Then a two-step algorithm is proposed to solve the problem: the user grouping step and the user scheduling step. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly increases the cell-edge throughput and guarantees system fairness.
TL;DR: Results show that, even though the interuser channel is noisy, cooperation leads not only to an increase in capacity for both users but also to a more robust system, where users' achievable rates are less susceptible to channel variations.
Abstract: Mobile users' data rate and quality of service are limited by the fact that, within the duration of any given call, they experience severe variations in signal attenuation, thereby necessitating the use of some type of diversity. In this two-part paper, we propose a new form of spatial diversity, in which diversity gains are achieved via the cooperation of mobile users. Part I describes the user cooperation strategy, while Part II (see ibid., p.1939-48) focuses on implementation issues and performance analysis. Results show that, even though the interuser channel is noisy, cooperation leads not only to an increase in capacity for both users but also to a more robust system, where users' achievable rates are less susceptible to channel variations.
6,621 citations
"Throughput improvement for cell-edg..." refers background in this paper
...Cooperative transmission utilizes the inherent user diversity available in a multi-user environment to provide higher spectral efficiency [1–3]....
TL;DR: An overview of the developments in cooperative communication, a new class of methods called cooperative communication has been proposed that enables single-antenna mobiles in a multi-user environment to share their antennas and generate a virtual multiple-antenn transmitter that allows them to achieve transmit diversity.
Abstract: Transmit diversity generally requires more than one antenna at the transmitter. However, many wireless devices are limited by size or hardware complexity to one antenna. Recently, a new class of methods called cooperative communication has been proposed that enables single-antenna mobiles in a multi-user environment to share their antennas and generate a virtual multiple-antenna transmitter that allows them to achieve transmit diversity. This article presents an overview of the developments in this burgeoning field.
3,130 citations
"Throughput improvement for cell-edg..." refers background in this paper
...Cooperative transmission utilizes the inherent user diversity available in a multi-user environment to provide higher spectral efficiency [1–3]....
TL;DR: Two variants of an energy-efficient cooperative diversity protocol are developed that combats fading induced by multipath propagation in wireless networks and can lead to reduced battery drain, longer network lifetime, and improved network performance in terms of, e.g., capacity.
Abstract: We develop two variants of an energy-efficient cooperative diversity protocol that combats fading induced by multipath propagation in wireless networks, The underlying techniques build upon the classical relay channel and related work and exploit space diversity available at distributed antennas through coordinated transmission and processing by cooperating radios. While applicable to any wireless setting, these protocols are particularly attractive in ad-hoc or peer-to-peer wireless networks, in which radios are typically constrained to employ a single antenna. Substantial energy-savings resulting from these protocols can lead to reduced battery drain, longer network lifetime, and improved network performance in terms of, e.g., capacity.
688 citations
"Throughput improvement for cell-edg..." refers background in this paper
...Cooperative transmission utilizes the inherent user diversity available in a multi-user environment to provide higher spectral efficiency [1–3]....
TL;DR: Holma et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a radio resource management architecture for HSDPA and showed that HSUPA bit rates, capacity and coverage can be improved by using IP header compression.
Abstract: Preface. Acknowledgements. Abbreviations. 1. Introduction (Harri Holma and Antti Toskala). 1.1 WCDMA technology and deployment status. 1.2 HSPA standardization and deployment schedule. 1.3 Radio capability evolution with HSPA. 2. HSPA standardization and background (Antti Toskala and Karri Ranta-Aho) 2.1 3GPP. 2.2 References. 3. HSPA architecture and protocols (Antti Toskala and Juho Pirskanen). 3.1 Radio resource management architecture. 3.2 References. 4. HSDPA principles (Juho Pirskanen and Antti Toskala). 4.1 HSDPA vs Release 99 DCH. 4.2 Key technologies with HSDPA. 4.3 High-speed dedicated physical control channel. 4.4 BTS measurements for HSDPA operation. 4.5 Terminal capabilities. 4.6 HSDPA MAC layer operation. 4.7 References. 5. HSUPA principles (Karri Ranta-Aho and Antti Toskala). 5.1 HSUPA vs Release 99 DCH. 5.2 Key technologies with HSUPA. 5.3 E-DCH transport channel and physical channels. 5.4 Physical layer procedures. 5.5 MAC layer. 5.6 Iub parameters. 5.7 Mobility. 5.8 UE capabilities and data rates. 5.9 References and list of related 3GPP specifications. 6. Radio resource management (Harri Holma, Troels Kolding, Klaus Pedersen, and Jeroen Wigard). 6.1 HSDPA radio resource management. 6.2 HSUPA radio resource management. 6.3 References. 7. HSDPA bit rates, capacity and coverage (Frank Frederiksen, Harri Holma, Troels Kolding, and Klaus Pedersen). 7.1 General performance factors. 7.2 Single-user performance. 7.3 Multiuser system performance. 7.4 Iub transmission efficiency. 7.5 Capacity and cost of data delivery. 7.6 Round trip time. 7.7 HSDPA measurements. 7.8 HSDPA performance evolution. 7.9 Conclusions. 7.10 Bibliography. 8. HSUPA bit rates, capacity and coverage (Jussi Jaatinen, Harri Holma, Claudio Rosa, and Jeroen Wigard). 8.1 General performance factors. 8.2 Single-user performance. 8.3 Cell capacity. 8.4 HSUPA performance enhancements. 8.5 Conclusions. 8.6 Bibliography. 9. Application and end-to-end performance (Chris Johnson, Sandro Grech, Harri Holma, and Martin Kristensson) 9.1 Packet application introduction. 9.2 Always-on connectivity. 9.3 Application performance over HSPA. 9.4 Application performance vs network load. 9.5 References. 10. Voice-over-IP (Harri Holma, Esa Malkama ki, and Klaus Pedersen). 10.1 VoIP motivation. 10.2 IP header compression. 10.3 VoIP over HSPA. 10.4 References. 11. RF requirements of an HSPA terminal (Harri Holma, Jussi Numminen, Markus Pettersson, and Antti Toskala). 11.1 Transmitter requirements. 11.2 Receiver requirements. 11.3 Frequency bands and multiband terminals. 11.4 References. Index.
TL;DR: It is argued that many of the traditional interference management techniques have limited usefulness when viewed in concert with MIMO, and emerging system-level interference-reducing strategies based on cooperation will be important for overcoming interference in future spatial multiplexing cellular systems.
Abstract: Multi-antenna transmission and reception (known as MIMO) is widely touted as the key technology for enabling wireless broadband services, whose widespread success will require 10 times higher spectral efficiency than current cellular systems, at 10 times lower cost per bit. Spectrally efficient, inexpensive cellular systems are by definition densely populated and interference-limited. But spatial multiplexing MIMO systems- whose principal merit is a supposed dramatic increase in spectral efficiency- lose much of their effectiveness in high levels of interference. This article overviews several approaches to handling interference in multicell MIMO systems. The discussion is applicable to any multi-antenna cellular network, including 802.16e/WiMAX, 3GPP (HSDPA and 3GPP LTE), and 3GPP2 (lxEVDO). We argue that many of the traditional interference management techniques have limited usefulness (or are even counterproductive) when viewed in concert with MIMO. The problem of interference in MIMO systems is too large in scope to be handled with a single technique: in practice a combination of complementary countermeasures will be needed. We overview emerging system-level interference-reducing strategies based on cooperation, which will be important for overcoming interference in future spatial multiplexing cellular systems.
383 citations
"Throughput improvement for cell-edg..." refers methods in this paper
...Cooperative encoding and scheduling in a Networked MIMO system is discussed in [6], in order to supress Other Cell Interference (OCI) and thereby achieve maximum capacity in MIMO downlink channel....