Time domain simulation of soil-foundation-structure interaction in non-uniform soils
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of non-uniform soil conditions on a concrete bridge with three bents (four span) where soil beneath bridge bents are varied between stiff sands and soft clay is investigated.
Abstract: Presented here is a numerical investigation of the influence of non-uniform soil conditions on a prototype concrete bridge with three bents (four span) where soil beneath bridge bents are varied between stiff sands and soft clay. A series of high-fidelity models of the soil-foundation-structure system were developed and described in some details. Development of a series of high-fidelity models was required to properly simulate seismic wave propagation (frequency Lip to 10Hz) through highly nonlinear, elastic plastic soil, piles and bridge structure. Eight specific cases representing combinations of different soil conditions beneath each Of the bents are simulated. It is shown that variability of soil beneath bridge bents has significant influence on bridge system (soil-foundation-structure) seismic behavior. Results also indicate that free field motions differ quite a bit from what is observed (simulated) under at the base of the bridge columns indicating that use of free field motions as input for only structural models might not be appropriate. In addition to that, it is also shown that usually assumed beneficial effect Of Stiff soils underneath a Structure (bridge) cannot be,generalized and that such stiff soils do not necessarily help seismic performance of structures. Moreover, it is shown that dynamic characteristics of all three components of a triad made Lip of earthquake, soil and structure play crucial role in determining the seismic performance of the infrastructure (bridge) system. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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TL;DR: In this article, the responses of idealized building clusters during earthquakes, their effects on ground motion, and the ways individual buildings interact with the soil and with each other are discussed.
Abstract: This study addresses the responses of idealized building clusters during earthquakes, their effects on ground motion, and the ways individual buildings interact with the soil and with each other. W...
96 citations
Cites methods from "Time domain simulation of soil-foun..."
...This method was introduced by Bielak et al. (2003) and has been used in earthquake simulations and other related applications (Yoshimura et al. 2003, FernándezAres and Bielak 2004, Kontoe et al. 2008, Jeremić et al. 2009)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the kinematic seismic interaction of single piles embedded in soil deposits is evaluated by focusing the attention on the bending moments induced by the transient motion, which is performed by modeling the pile like an Euler-Bernoulli beam embedded in a layered Winkler type medium.
74 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the applicability of some industry-standard equivalent linear (SHAKE) and nonlinear (DEEPSOIL and LS-DYNA) programs across a broad range of frequencies, earthquake shaking intensities, and sites ranging from stiff sand to hard rock, all with a focus on application to safety-related nuclear structures.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, 3D finite element (FE) modelling is applied to the dynamic analysis of offshore wind turbines and proposed as a valuable support to current design practice, where the interplay of cyclic soil behaviour and hydro-mechanical coupling in determining the OWT natural frequency is investigated.
62 citations
Cites background from "Time domain simulation of soil-foun..."
...Although smaller time-steps may suit better the integration of highly non-linear soil models (Jeremić et al., 2009; Watanabe et al., 2016), the selection of ∆t (and of the error tolerance) is largely driven by computational cost...
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Dissertation•
15 Jun 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate industry-standard equivalent linear and nonlinear site response and soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis programs, and provide practical guidelines on their usage.
Abstract: During an earthquake, the flexibility of the near-surface soil affects the dynamic response of the supported structure. This dynamic interaction is termed soil-structure interaction (SSI). Soil-structure interaction is important for performance-based design, which has seen increasing use in earthquake engineering in the United States in the last decade. Soil-structure interaction analysis is preceded by siteresponse analysis, which is the process of calculating the response of a soil profile to rock motion at depth. Soil flexibility also results in the interaction of adjacent structures through intermediate soil. This interaction is termed structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI), which can be important for the performance assessment of buildings, especially those constructed in dense, urban areas. The studies presented herein share the common goal of a better understanding of the phenomena of site response, SSI and SSSI, and advancing the numerical tools that simulate these phenomena. The state-of-the-art in site-response and SSI analysis of buildings and nuclear structures involves the use of linear or equivalent-linear numerical methods that function in the frequency domain. However, nonlinear time-domain methods may be more appropriate for cases involving intense earthquakes that result in highly nonlinear soil and foundation response. Such nonlinear methods are available but rarely used due to the higher computational requirements and lack of experience with analysts and regulators. This report assesses industry-standard equivalent linear and nonlinear site-response and SSI analysis programs, and provides practical guidelines on their usage. The assessment includes benchmarking the time-domain programs against frequency-domain programs for analyses involving almost linear soil response, and a comparison of the predictions of these programs for analyses involving highly nonlinear soil and foundation response. The assessment also identifies the various pitfalls that can be expected when using these programs and suggests workarounds. Structure-soil-structure interaction has been rarely studied, mainly due to the lack of experimental or field-based case-studies that demonstrate its effects on structural response. The US National Science Foundation funded a research project titled ‘Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings in Dense Urban Environments’ to understand the significance of SSSI in buildings through a series of centrifuge experiments and numerical simulations. The experiments involve small-scale building models with commonly-found superstructure and foundation configurations. This report describes some of these centrifuge experiments, and their numerical simulations, which are comprehensive and performed using both equivalent-linear and nonlinear SSI analysis programs. The numerical and experimental results show that wave-based SSSI does not significantly affect the global response of the buildings considered in this study.
62 citations
Cites methods from "Time domain simulation of soil-foun..."
...The SHAKE and the SASSI user manuals recommend at least five soil layers per minimum wavelength [ 5n in equation (4-1)], whereas Jeremić et al. (2009) recommend 10 layers per minimum wavelength for time-domain nonlinear analyses....
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References
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01 Jan 1986TL;DR: In this article, the authors define an abstract actor machine and provide a minimal programming language for it, which includes higher level constructs such as delayed and eager evaluation, which can be defined in terms of the primitives.
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"Time domain simulation of soil-foun..." refers methods in this paper
...Numerical integration of equations of motion was done using Hilber-Hughes-Taylor (Hilber et al., 1977; Hughes and Liu, 1978a,b) algorithm....
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TL;DR: The PETSc 2.0 package as discussed by the authors uses object-oriented programming to conceal the details of the message passing, without concealing the parallelism, in a high-quality set of numerical software libraries.
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