Titania nanotubes from weak organic acid electrolyte: fabrication, characterization and oxide film properties.
TL;DR: In vitro bioactivity test in simulated body fluid showed that precipitation of Ca/P is easier in crystallized nanotubes than the amorphous structure, and the feasibility of tailoring the oxide properties by thermal treatment, producing surfaces with better bioactivity is hinted.
About: This article is published in Materials Science and Engineering: C.The article was published on 2015-04-01. It has received 37 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Oxide & Dielectric spectroscopy.
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TL;DR: In this article, the influence of anodization parameters on the formation of tubes, tube dimensions, formation mechanism, properties of TiO2 nanotubes (TNT), and their applications in biomedical field are reviewed.
Abstract: In this article, influence of anodization parameters on the formation of tubes, tube dimensions, formation mechanism, properties of TiO2 nanotubes (TNT), and their applications in biomedical field are reviewed. The fabrication of TNT of a different shape such as pore size, length, and wall thickness by varying anodization parameters including electrolytes, pH, voltage, electrolyte bath temperature, and current density is examined and discussed. The crystallographic nature of the nanotube obtained by various methods has also been discussed. Finally, the article concludes by examining the key properties including the corrosion aspect and various applications in biomedical field in depth.
183 citations
Cites background from "Titania nanotubes from weak organic..."
...[205] reported that similar to the amorphous TNT, the annealed TNT also exhibited hydrophilic nature, which is mainly due to the presence of mixed crystalline phase (anatase and rutile)....
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TL;DR: It is concluded from the current literature that surface modification of Ti implants can be generated that offer both osteoinductive and antimicrobial properties.
Abstract: Titanium (Ti) plays a predominant role as the material of choice in orthopaedic and dental implants. Despite the majority of Ti implants having long-term success, premature failure due to unsuccessful osseointegration leading to aseptic loosening is still too common. Recently, surface topography modification and biological/non-biological coatings have been integrated into orthopaedic/dental implants in order to mimic the surrounding biological environment as well as reduce the inflammation/infection that may occur. In this review, we summarize the impact of various Ti coatings on cell behaviour both in vivo and in vitro. First, we focus on the Ti surface properties and their effects on osteogenesis and then on bacterial adhesion and viability. We conclude from the current literature that surface modification of Ti implants can be generated that offer both osteoinductive and antimicrobial properties.
128 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the capabilities and advantages of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a useful and non-destructive technique are discussed, which can be successfully applied for the characterization of biosensing surfaces and/or in evaluation of bioanalytical signals generated by biosensors.
Abstract: The capabilities and advantages of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a useful and non-destructive technique are discussed. EIS provides the time dependent quantitative information about the electrode processes. The description of EIS is given in comprehensive way beginning from the theoretical basics of EIS and data interpretation in the frames of various equivalent electric circuits. The practical applications of EIS are described for the following thin film types: (i) cathodic metals/alloys films deposition; (ii) anodization of metals and characterization of oxide films and its growth by EIS including information provided by Mott-Schottky plots; (iii) underpotential deposition of metals; (iv) characterization of organic films onto metals; (v) application in development of biosensors and biofuel cells. The original data of EIS on cathodic electrodeposition of Co and Co-W are provided and reduction mechanisms involving adsorbed intermediates are discussed. The advantages of EIS in the oxide films characterization and their electrochemical properties are shown. EIS can be successfully applied for the characterization of biosensing surfaces and/or in evaluation of bioanalytical signals generated by biosensors. The glucose oxidase (GOx) based biosensor could be successfully analyzed by merged scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and EIS techniques. Such combining study by SECM and EIS could be very attractive in order to evaluate the biofuel cell efficiency and in the modeling of biosensor action, because it is unavailable to obtain by other convenient electrochemical methods.
110 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Mott-Schottky analysis was used to estimate the properties of titanium oxide, which showed that passive film formed, is of n-type semiconducting film and the donor concentration is in the order of 10 20 cm − 3.3.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, various sizes of nanotubes were synthesized via anodic oxidation of Ti and then annealed at different temperatures XRD analysis and SEM observations confirmed that as-anodized amorphous nano-notubes crystallize into anatase phase when annaled at 450°C and into a mixture of anatase and rutile when ananomous when annialed at 550°C, without significant morphological modifications.
59 citations
References
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TL;DR: The results support the concept that the apatite phase on the surface of glass-ceramic A-W is formed by a chemical reaction of the glass- Aceramic with the Ca2+, HPO4(2-), and OH- ions in the body fluid.
Abstract: High-strength bioactive glass-ceramic A-W was soaked in various acellular aqueous solutions different in ion concentrations and pH. After soaking for 7 and 30 days, surface structural changes of the glass-ceramic were investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy, thin-film x-ray diffraction, and scanning electronmicroscopic observations, in comparison with in vivo surface structural changes. So-called Tris buffer solution, pure water buffered with trishydroxymethyl-aminomethane, which had been used by various workers as a "simulated body fluid," did not reproduce the in vivo surface structural changes, i.e., apatite formation on the surface. A solution, ion concentrations and pH of which are almost equal to those of the human blood plasma--i.e., Na+ 142.0, K+ 5.0, Mg2+ 1.5, Ca2+ 2.5, Cl- 148.8, HCO3- 4.2 and PO4(2-) 1.0 mM and buffered at pH 7.25 with the trishydroxymethyl-aminomethane--most precisely reproduced in vivo surface structure change. This shows that careful selection of simulated body fluid is required for in vitro experiments. The results also support the concept that the apatite phase on the surface of glass-ceramic A-W is formed by a chemical reaction of the glass-ceramic with the Ca2+, HPO4(2-), and OH- ions in the body fluid.
3,597 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relative amounts of anatase and rutile in mixtures were determined using diffractometry, and a method using the more precise technique of diffraction was developed.
Abstract: ITAXIUM DIOXIDE may be incorpoT rated into a plastics molding compound to adjust the dielectric constant to a desired value. Either anatase or rutile may be used; these allotropic forms differ in dielectric behavior. Xeither is available commercially in a pure state; a preparation consisting largely of one form is apt to contain, in addition to other impurities, an admixture of the other. In order to permit proper formulation of filled resins, therefore, it is desirable to establish a method for determining the relative amounts of anatase and rutile in mixtures. The application of photometry to this problem has been discussed (2,6). This paper develops a method using the more precise technique of diffractometry.
1,729 citations
744 citations
TL;DR: The formation of porous on titanium was investigated in electrolytes containing low concentrations of HF (0.05-0.4 wt %) under optimized electrolyte conditions and extended polarization as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The formation of porous on titanium was investigated in electrolytes containing low concentrations of HF (0.05-0.4 wt %). Under optimized electrolyte conditions and extended polarization, highly ordered porous is obtained that consists of pore arrays with single pore diameter of 140 nm and a pore spacing of 150 nm. During the formation process, significant current oscillations are observed with an amplitude which depends strongly on the HF content of the electrolyte. Electrochemical, scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations show that the porous layer forms under a competition of formation and oxide dissolution up to a limiting thickness of and that the time scale for complete self-ordering for the investigated systems is in the order of several hours. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
499 citations
TL;DR: Tubes annealed to anatase, or a mixture of anatase and rutile are clearly more efficient in promoting apatite formation than the tubes in their "as-formed" amorphous state.
Abstract: In the present work, we study the growth of hydroxyapatite formation on different TiO(2) nanotube layers. The nanotube layers were fabricated by electrochemical anodization of titanium in fluoride-containing electrolytes. To study various nanotube lengths, layers with an individual tube diameter of 100 nm were grown to a thickness of approximately 2 mum or 500 nm. The ability to form apatite on the nanotube layers was examined by immersion tests combined with SEM, XRD and FT-IR investigations. For reference, experiments were also carried out on compact anodic TiO(2) layers. The results clearly show that the presence of the nanotubes on a titanium surface enhances the apatite formation and that the 2-mum thick nanotube layer triggers deposition faster than the thinner layers. Tubes annealed to anatase, or a mixture of anatase and rutile are clearly more efficient in promoting apatite formation than the tubes in their "as-formed" amorphous state.
264 citations